Journal of Wind Energy (풍력에너지저널)

Korea Wind Energy Association (한국풍력에너지학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Study of biofouling in Korea offshore wind farms

국내 해상풍력발전단지에서의 바이오파울링에 대한 연구

  • Yoon Seok Chae ;
  • Ho Min Kim ;
  • Ji Hyung Kim ;
  • Sung Hoon Lee
  • 채윤석 (제주대학교, 전기에너지공학과 ) ;
  • 김호민 (제주대학교, 전기에너지공학과 ) ;
  • 김지형 (제주대학교, 전기에너지연구센터 ) ;
  • 이성훈 (제주대학교, 전기에너지연구센터)
  • Received : 2023.08.31
  • Accepted : 2023.12.06
  • Published : 2023.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We have studied biofouling in Korea's offshore wind farms by using image analysis through monitoring and surface energy analysis. To observe the biofouling characteristics, samples were fabricated using Micron extra 2 and PropOne, which have a self-polishing property, and Hempathane HS 55610, which is used in substructure coatings. The manufactured samples were installed at the bottom of a ladder in a substructure, and monitored for 10 months. The most biofouling occurred in the sample without the self-polishing property, and algae, barnacles and corallinales were observed. The surface energy analysis used the Owens-Wendt-Rabel and Kaelble (OWRK) model, which uses the contact angles of two standard fluids. As a result of calculating the surface energy using contact angle measurement, the sample without the self-polishing property showed the highest value. This result was consistent with the biofouling incidence observed through monitoring.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2023년도 산업통상자원부의 재원으로 한국에너지기술평가원(KETEP)의 지원을 받아 수행되었습니다. (No. 20213000000020, 해상풍력단지 해저 전력망 구축을 위한 핵심기자재 및 평가기술 개발)

References

  1. A. J. Martin-Rodriguez, J. M. F. Babarro, F. Lahoz, M. Sanson, V. S.Martin, M. Norte, J. J. Fernandez, 2015, "From Broad-Spectrum Biocides to Quorum Sensing Disruptors and Mussel Repellents: Antifouling Profile of Alkyl Triphenylphosphonium Salts", PLoS One 2015, 10, 0123652. 
  2. Galperin, M. Y.; Baker, A. J. M. 2004, "Environmental biotechnology From biofouling to bioremediation: the good, the bad and the vague", Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 15, 167. 
  3. IEC, 2019, Wind energy generation systems - Part 3-1: Design requirements for fixed offshore wind turbines, IEC 61400-3-1 standard, 1.0 Edition, International Electrotechnical Commission. 
  4. KS, 2015, Design requirements for offshore large and medium-sized wind turbines, KS C 8573 standard, Korea Standard. 
  5. Mallat, C, Corbett, A, Harris, G, & Lefranc, M. "Marine Growth on North Sea Fixed Steel Platforms: Insights From the Decommissioning Industry", Proceedings of the ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. Volume 1A: Offshore Technology. San Francisco, California, USA. June 8-13, 2014. V01AT01A021. ASME. 
  6. Titah-Benbouzid, H.; Benbouzid, M. Marine renewable energy converters and biofouling: A review on impacts and prevention. In Proceedings of the 2015 EWTEC, Nantes, France, 6-11 September 2015; pp. 1-8. 
  7. Degraer, S., D.A. Carey, J.W.P. Coolen, Z.L. Hutchison, F. Kerckhof, B. Rumes, and J. Vanaverbeke, 2020, "Offshore wind farm artificial reefs affect ecosystem structure and functioning: A synthesis", Oceanography 33(4):48-57 
  8. J. Liniger, A. L. Jensen, S. Pedersen, H. Sorensen and C. Mai, 2022, "On the Autonomous Inspection and Classification of Marine Growth on Subsea Structures," OCEANS 2022 - Chennai, Chennai, India, 2022, pp. 1-7. 
  9. Decurey, Benjamin, Franck Schoefs, Anne-Laure Barille, and Thomas Soulard, 2020, "Model of Bio-Colonisation on Mooring Lines: Updating Strategy Based on a Static Qualifying Sea State for Floating Wind Turbines", Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 2: 108. 
  10. Shun-Han Yang, Jonas W. Ringsberg, Erland Johnson, Zhiqiang Hu, 2017, "Biofouling on mooring lines and power cables used in wave energy converter systems-Analysis of fatigue life and energy performance, Applied Ocean Research, Vol. 65, pp 166-177. 
  11. Maksassi, Ziad, Bertrand Garnier, Ahmed Ould El Moctar, Franck Schoefs, and Emmanuel Schaeffer. 2022. "Thermal Characterization and Thermal Effect Assessment of Biofouling around a Dynamic Submarine Electrical Cable" Energies 15, no. 9: 3087. 
  12. Hayley Farr, Benjamin Ruttenberg, Ryan K. Walter, Yi-Hui Wang, Crow White, 2021, "Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities", Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 207, 105611 
  13. Mathias Paschen, Uwe Rudorf and Cindy Dally, 2014, "Bio-fouling on underwater cables - results of long-term storage tests of different cable sheathing materials in the Baltic Sea", European International Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 3 No. 3. 
  14. Shi, W., Park, H. C., Chung, C. W., & Kim, Y. C., 2011, "Marine Growth Effect on the Vibration Characteristics of Offshore Wind Turbine with Jacket Foundation", In Applied Mechanics and Materials. Vols. 84-85, pp. 691-696. 
  15. Shi, W., Park, HC., Baek, JH. et al. 2012, "Study on the marine growth effect on the dynamic response of offshore wind turbines", Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 13, 1167-1176. 
  16. S. Pedersen, J. Liniger, F. F. Sorensen and M. von Benzon, 2022, "On Marine Growth Removal on Offshore Structures", OCEANS 2022 - Chennai, Chennai, India, pp. 1-6. 
  17. Lewis, John. 1998. "Marine biofouling and its prevention on underwater surfaces", Materials Forum. 22. 41-61. 
  18. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, 2022, Annual Report on Marine Environment Monitoring in Korea 2022.