Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Potential Effects of Hikers on Activity Pattern of Mammals in Baekdudaegan Protected Area

등산객의 활동이 백두대간보호지역에 서식하는 포유류 군집의 활동 패턴에 미치는 잠재적 영향

  • Hyun-Su Hwang (Team of Specific Protected Area Research, National Institute Ecology) ;
  • Hyoun-Gi Cha (Team of Specific Protected Area Research, National Institute Ecology) ;
  • Naeyoung Kim (Team of Specific Protected Area Research, National Institute Ecology) ;
  • Hyungsoo Seo (Team of specific Protected Area Research, National Institute Ecology)
  • 황현수 (국립생태원 보호지역팀) ;
  • 차현기 (국립생태원 보호지역팀) ;
  • 김내영 (국립생태원 보호지역팀) ;
  • 서형수 (국립생태원 보호지역팀)
  • Received : 2023.11.10
  • Accepted : 2023.11.28
  • Published : 2023.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to clarify the daily activity patterns overlap between hikers and mammals from 2015 to 2019 in the Baekdudaegan protected area. To investigate relationship behaviors between hikers and mammals, we set the camera traps on the ridge of the Baekdudaegan protected area. Daily activity patterns of yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) and Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus) were highly overlapped with hiker total study periods. Moreover, daily activity patterns of Siberian roe deer (Caperohus pygargus) and water deer (Hydropotes inermis) were highly overlapped with hikers only in spring. In winter, daily activity patterns of wild boar (Sus scrofa) were overlapped with hikers. However, leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and Eurasian badger (Meles leucurus) did not significantly overlap with hikers during the study periods. The daily activity patterns of 8 mammals differed by species-specific behavior and temporal characteristics. Overlap of daily activity patterns between mammals and hikers were differed in each season. Differences in daily activity pattern overlap between mammals and humans may lead to differences in human impact on mammal populations. Information on the interaction between hikers and mammals on species-specific and temporal-specific behavior could be basic ecological data for management and conservation of mammal populations and their habitats.

본 연구는 백두대간보호지역에 서식하는 포유류와 등산객의 일중 활동 주기의 비교를 통해 시간적 규모에 따른 포유류 군집의 잠재적 위험성 검증을 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 2015년부터 2019년까지 백두대간보호지역의 능선부를 대상으로 무인센서카메라를 활용하여 등산객과 포유류의 활동 주기를 분석하였다. 조사 결과 담비와 다람쥐의 활동 주기는 연중 등산객의 활동 주기와 높게 중첩되었다. 또한, 노루와 고라니는 봄에 등산객의 활동 주기와 높게 중첩되며, 멧돼지는 겨울에 등산객의 활동 주기와 높게 중첩되었다. 삵과 너구리, 오소리의 일중 활동 주기는 전체기간 동안 등산객의 활동 주기와 중첩되지 않았다. 포유류의 일중 활동 주기는 종 특이적 행동 패턴과 계절에 따라 차이를 보이며, 그에 따라 등산객의 활동 주기와 중첩에 차이를 보였다. 종 특이적 행동 특성과 계절에 따른 행동의 차이로 인해 백두대간보호지역에 서식하는 포유류는 인간의 활동에 의한 간섭에 대한 영향은 차이가 발생할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구 결과 백두대간보호지역에 서식하는 포유류의 종 특이적 행동 특성에 관한 기초자료의 제공과 더불어 종과 계절에 따른 포유류 군집의 안정성 확보를 위한 관리 및 보전 방안의 수립을 위한 기초자료로써 의미를 가진다고 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 국립생태원에서 지원하는 연구비에 의하여 연구되었음.

References

  1. Anderoni, A., C. Augugliaro, R. Zozzoli, F. Dartora and E. Mori(2021) Diel activity patterns and overlap between Eurasian red squirrels and Siberian chipmunks in native and introduced ranges. Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 33(1): 83-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2020.1777211
  2. Banjade, M., S.H. Han, Y.H. Jeong and H.S. Oh(2021) Diel and seasonal activity pattern of alien sika deer with sympatric mammalian species from Muljangori-oreum wetland of Hallasan National Park, South Korea. J. Ecol. Environ. 45(1): 10.
  3. Chen, M.T., Y.J. Liang, C.C. Kuo and P.K. Jai-Chyi(2016) Home ranges, movements and activity patterns of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) and threats to them in Taiwan. Mammal Study 41(2): 77-86. https://doi.org/10.3106/041.041.0205
  4. Chen, Y., B. Liu, D. Fan and S. Li(2023) Temporal response of mesocarnivores to human activity and intrastructure in Taihang Mountains, Central North China: Shifts in activity patterns and their overlap. Animals 13(4): 688.
  5. Cho, C.U., K.C. Kim, G.H. Kwon, K.Y. Kim, B.K. Lee, B.C. Song and J.G. Park(2015) Current status of population size and habitat selection of the long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) in Seoraksan National Park. Korean J. Environment and Ecology 29(5): 710-717. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2015.29.5.710
  6. Choi, T.Y., S.K. Lee and D.G. Woo(2019) Study on spatial ecology of Asian badger (Meles leucurus) by radio telemetry and camera trapping: Focusing on home-range and hibernation sett use pattern. KAGIS 21(3): 151-163.
  7. Chung, C.U., J.Y. Cha, Y.C. Kim, S.C. Kim, G.H. Kwon and H.J. Lee(2014) Monitoring efficiency evaluation of camera trapping in terrestrial mammals. J. Korean Env. Res. Tech. 17(3): 65-74.
  8. Deng, Z., T. Liu, T. Liu, K. Xu, S. Yao, Z. Huang and Z. Xiao(2022) Seasonal variation of daily activity rhythm of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) and their potential prey in Neixiang Baotianman National Nature Reserve of Henan Province, China. Biodivers. Sci. 30(9): 22263.
  9. Eom, T.K., J.K. Lee, D.H. Lee, H. Ko, H.K. Bae, K.J. Kim, H.S. Hwang, G.E. Park, W.I. Choi, J.H. Lim, C.R. Park and S.J. Rhim(2022) Annual variation on observation and activity pattern of Korean chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus) in the Seoraksan and Jirisan National parks, South Korea. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 36(4): 361-367. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2022.36.4.361
  10. Feiyan, M., Y. Xiaojun, C. Min, L. Chaoferi, Z. Zhiming and Y. Jianhua(2013) Diurnal time budgets and activity rhythm of captive Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis) in spring and summer. Acta Theriol. Sin. 33(1): 28-34.
  11. Gaynor, K.M., C.E. Hojnowski, N.H. Carter and J.S. Brashares (2018) The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality. Science 360: 1232-1235. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar7121
  12. He, X., M. Chen and E. Zhang(2016) Home range of reintroduced Chinese water deer in Nanhui East Shoal Wildlife Sanctuary of Shanghai, China. Animal Production Science 56(6): 988-996. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14858
  13. Johann, F., M. Handschuh, P. Linderoth, C.F. Dormann and H. Arcold(2020) Adaptation of wild boar (Sus scrofa) activity in a human-dominated landscape. BMC Ecology 20: 4.
  14. Jones, K.E. and K. Safi(2011) Ecology and evolution of mammalian biodiversity. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 366(1577): 2451-2461. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0090
  15. Kim, B.J. and D.D. Lee(2011) Home range study of the Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis agyropus) using ratio and GPS tracking in South Korea: Comparison of daily and seasonal habitat use pattern. J. Ecol. Feild Biol. 34(4): 365-370.
  16. Kim, B.J., D.H. Oh, S.H. Chun and S.D. Lee. 2011. Distribution, density, and habitat use of the Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) in Korea. Landscape Ecol. Eng. 7: 291-297.
  17. Korea Forest Service(2020) Article 2: Definitions. In Act on the Baekdu-daegan protection. Korea Law.
  18. LaZerte, S.E. and D.L. Kramer(2016) Activity of Eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) during the summer and fall. Canadian Journal of Zoology 94(10): 685-695. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0064
  19. Lee, H.J., J.W. Ha, S.J. Park, W.Y. Kim, J.Y. Cha, J.Y. Park, S.S. Choi, C.U. Chung and H.S. Oh(2019) A study on the analysis of mammals' activity patterns and the effect of human hiker interference using camera trapping. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 12(1): 57-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2018.11.009
  20. Lee, J.B., Y.K. Kim and Y.S. Bae(2019) A study of methods for monitoring wild mammals in Unmunsan, Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 12(4): 541-544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.04.005
  21. Marques, R.V. and M.E. Fabian(2018) Daily activity patterns of medium and large neotropical mammals during different seasons in an area of high altitude atlantic rain forest in the South of Brazil. Rev. Bras. Zoociencias. 19(3): 38-64.
  22. Meredith, M. and M. Ridout(2021) Overview of the overlap package. R Project. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/overlap/overlap.pdf Accessed on 5 July, 2022.
  23. Monterroso, P., P. Celio and P. Ferreras(2018) Catch me if you can: Diel activity patterns of mammalian prey and predators. Ethology 119(2013): 1044-1056.
  24. Monterroso, P., P.C. Alves and P. Ferreras(2014) Plasticity in circadian activity patterns of mesocarnivores in Southwestern Europe: Implications for species coexistence. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 68(9): 1403-1417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-014-1748-1
  25. Ogurtsov, S.S., A.S. Zheltukhin and I.P. Kotlov(2018) Daily activity patterns of large and medium-sized mammals based on camera traps data in the central forest nature reserve, Valdai upland, Russia. Nat. Conserv. Res. 3(2): 68-88. https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2018.031
  26. Oh, D.H., S. Moteki, N. Nakanish and M. Izawa(2010) Effects of human activities on home range size and habitat use of the Tsushima leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus in a suburban area on the Tsushima islands, Japan. J. Ecol. Field Biol. 33(1): 3-13. https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2010.33.1.003
  27. Ohashi, H., M. Saito, R. Horie, H. Tsunoda, H. Noba, H. Ishii, T. Kuwabara, Y. Hiroshige, S. Koike, Y. Hoshino, H. Toda and K. Kaji(2013) Differences in the activity pattern of the wild boar Sus scrofa related to human disturbance. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 59: 167-177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-012-0661-z
  28. Oleynikov, A.Y., G.A. Sedash, G.P. Salkina and M.V. Maslov (2023) Activity patterns of the yellow-throated marten Martes flavigula in the far east of Russia revealed by camera traps. Mammalia 2013-0016.
  29. Pagon, N., S. Grignolio, A. Pipia, P. Bongi, C. Bertolucci and M. Apollonio(2013) Seasonal variation of activity patterns in roe deer in a temperate forested area. Chronobiology International 30(6): 772-785. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2013.765887
  30. Park, I.S., W.M. Kim, S.W. Kim, S. Park and W.K. Song(2021) Monitoring urban ecological corridors in Gwanggyo new town using camera trapping. J. Korean Env. Res. Tech. 24(1): 69-80.
  31. Russart, K.L.G. and R.J. Nelson(2018) Light at night as an environmental endocrine disruptor. Physiology and Behavior 1(190): 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.08.029
  32. Sidorchuk, N.V. and V.V. Rozhnov(2018) Daily activity of the European badger (Meles meles, Mustelidae, Carnivora) on settes in Darwin reserve and Meschera National Park (Russia) in summer and autumn. Nature Conservation Research 3(2): 47-56.
  33. Tian, J., Q. Zou, M. Zhang, C. Hu, R.H. Khattak and H. Su(2022) Spatial and temporal differentiation are not distinct but are covariant for facilitating coexistence of small and medium-sized carnivores in Southwestern China. Global Ecology and Conservation 34: e02017.
  34. Van Doormaal, N., H. Ohashi, S. Koike and K. Kaji(2015) Influence of human activities on the activity patterns of Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Central Japan. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 61: 517-527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-015-0922-8
  35. Yang, J., K.W. Li, H.Y. Yeung, T.K. Au, X. Zheng, A.J. Giordano, B. Pui and L. Chan(2022) Population density and activity patterns of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in southern China: Estimates based on camera-trapping data. Biodiversity Science 30(9): 21357.
  36. Zoller, H. and F. Drygala(2013) Activity patterns of the invasive raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in North East Germany. Folia Zool. 64(2): 290-296. https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v62.i4.a6.2013