Safety and Health at Work

Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (산업안전보건연구원)
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A Systematized Overview of Published Reviews on Biological Hazards, Occupational Health, and Safety

  • Alexis Descatha (Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en sante, environnement et travail)) ;
  • Halim Hamzaoui (Labour Administration, Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health Branch- International Labour Organization) ;
  • Jukka Takala (Faculty of Social Sciences/Health Sciences, Tampere University) ;
  • Anne Oppliger (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Unisante, University of Lausanne)
  • Received : 2023.01.10
  • Accepted : 2023.10.17
  • Published : 2023.12.30
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Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic turned biological hazards in the working environment into a global concern. This systematized review of published reviews aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the specific jobs and categories of workers exposed to biological hazards with the related prevention. Methods: We extracted reviews published in English and French in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two authors, working independently, subsequently screened the potentially relevant titles and abstracts recovered (step 1) and then examined relevant full texts (step 2). Disagreements were resolved by consensus. We built tables summarizing populations of exposed workers, types of hazards, types of outcomes (types of health issues, means of prevention), and routes of transmission. Results: Of 1426 studies initially identified, 79 studies by authors from every continent were selected, mostly published after 2010 (n = 63, 79.7%). About half of the reviews dealt with infectious hazards alone (n = 38, 48.1%). The industrial sectors identified involved healthcare alone (n = 16), laboratories (n = 10), agriculture (including the animal, vegetable, and grain sectors, n = 32), waste (n = 10), in addition of 11 studies without specific sectors. The results also highlighted a range of hazards (infectious and noninfectious agents, endotoxins, bioaerosols, organic dust, and emerging agents). Conclusion: This systematized overview allowed to list the populations of workers exposed to biological hazards and underlined how prevention measures in the healthcare and laboratory sectors were usually well defined and controlled, although this was not the case in the agriculture and waste sectors. Further studies are necessary to quantify these risks and implement prevention measures that can be applied in every country.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

All the authors are paid by their home institutions. AD is Editor in Chief of Archives des maladies professionnelles et de l'environnement. AD and JT are members of the board of the International Commission on Occupational Health. No direct funding.

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