Korean Journal of Ichthyology (한국어류학회지)

The Ichthyological Society of Korea (한국어류학회)
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Distribution of Larval Fishes off the East Sea, Korea

동해 근해에 출현하는 어류 자치어 분포 특성

  • Choi, Hee Chan (Fisheries Resources and Environment Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute) ;
  • Jung, Hae Kun (Fisheries Resources and Environment Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute) ;
  • Cho, Jeong Hyun (Fisheries Resources and Environment Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute) ;
  • Youn, Seok Hyun (Oceanic Climate and Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Oh, Hyun Ju (Oceanic Climate and Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
  • 최희찬 (국립수산과학원 동해수산연구소 자원환경과) ;
  • 정해근 (국립수산과학원 동해수산연구소 자원환경과) ;
  • 조정현 (국립수산과학원 동해수산연구소 자원환경과) ;
  • 윤석현 (국립수산과학원 기후변화연구과) ;
  • 오현주 (국립수산과학원 기후변화연구과)
  • Received : 2022.05.11
  • Accepted : 2022.09.01
  • Published : 2022.09.30
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Abstract

In order to understand the species composition and distribution characteristics of larval assemblages in the East Sea, Korea, larvae were collected at 13 stations every other month from February to December 2018. Fish larvae were identified through DNA barcoding along with morphological methods, and as the result, a total of 104 taxonomic groups appeared during the survey. Among these, Engraulis japonicus, which accounted for 76.2% of the total population, was the most dominant species, followed by Maurolicus japonicus, which accounted for 15.0%. In addition, Ammodytes personatus, Champsodon snyderi, Scomber japonicus and Echelus uropterus appeared more frequently than other taxa. The above six species accounted for 93.2% of the total catch. The number of taxa and the amount of larvae collected in the survey area were higher during the high water temperature periods (June to October) than during the low water temperature periods (February, April and December). Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed a statistically significant difference in monthly larval assemblages. The results of the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) show that the distributions of larval community were mainly affected by sea surface temperature during low water temperature periods, and various environmental factors such as salinity, dry weight of zooplankton, and the concentrations of nutrients during high water temperature periods.

동해 근해에 출현하는 어류 자치어의 분포특성을 밝히기 위해 2018년 2월부터 12월까지 격월로 RN80 네트를 이용하여 자치어를 채집하였고, 해양 환경과 자치어 분포의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 수온, 염분 등 물리적 요인과 영양염, 엽록소-a 및 동물플랑크톤 현존량과 같은 화확 및 생물학적 요인들을 조사하였다. 분석결과 2018년 동해 근해에 출현한 자치어는 49개과 104개 분류군, 총 7,644.3개체/1,000 m3가 출현하였다. 이중 멸치가 전체 출현량의 76.2% 우점하였고, 앨퉁이가 15.0%로 그 뒤를 이었다. 그 외 까나리, 악어치가 각각 0.8%와 0.5%로 비교적 많은 출현량을 보였고, 고등어와 날붕장어가 0.3% 이상으로 위 6개 분류군이 전체 출현량의 93.2%를 차지하였다. 조사 해역의 월별 자치어 출현양상을 보면, 출현분류군수는 2월에 10개로 가장 적었고, 10월에 33개로 가장 다양한 분류군이 출현하였다. 출현량은 4월에 76.3개체/1,000 m3가 출현하여 연중 가장 적었고, 8월에 4,585.8개체/1,000 m3로 가장 많은 출현량을 보였으며, 월별로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 출현 자치어의 월별 공간 분포는 저수온기보다 고수온기에 연안 가까이에서 많이 출현하는 경향을 보였으며, 이는 출현 분류군 중 전체 출현량의 91.3%를 차지한 멸치와 앨퉁이의 월별 공간 분포와 유사하였다. 한편 자치어 전체 출현량과 해양 환경과의 상관관계는 2월에 수온 및 염분과 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 용존무기질소와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 6월에는 용존무기질소와 음의 상관관계, 12월에는 엽록소-a와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 최우점종인 멸치는 4월에 염분, 6월에 엽록소-a 8월에 용존무기질소와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. ANOSIM 분석 결과, 자치어의 월별 종조성은 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 각 월별 dissimilarity는 주로 멸치와 앨퉁이의 출현량 변동에 의해 결정되었으나, 그 외 우점 분류군들의 종조성과 출현량 변화가 조사 시기별로 유의한 차이에 영향을 미쳤다. 정준대응분석 결과 자치어 군집의 분포가 저수온기에는 주로 수온, 고수온기에는 염분, 동물플랑크톤 건중량 및 영양염류 농도 등 비교적 다양한 환경요인에 영향을 받고 있었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

논문을 세심하게 검토해 주신 세 분의 심사위원께 감사드립니다. 또한 시료 확보와 분석에 도움을 준 박형빈, 이선호, 이세직 연구원과 유전자 분석에 도움을 주신 강한승 박사님께 감사의 말씀을 전해드립니다. 본 논문은 2022년 국립수산과학원 수산시험연구비 (R2022035)의 재원으로 수행된 연구입니다.

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