Journal of the Korean Physical Society

  • Volume 80
  • /
  • Pages.1-12
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  • 2022
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  • 0374-4884(pISSN)
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  • 1976-8524(eISSN)
Korean Physical Society (한국물리학회)
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Study of eco-friendly gas mixtures for SHiP RPCs

  • M. Kang (Department of Physics, Institute of Basic Science, Korea University) ;
  • Y. Jo (Department of Physics, Institute of Basic Science, Korea University) ;
  • K. S. Lee (Department of Physics, Institute of Basic Science, Korea University) ;
  • S. H. Kim (Department of Physics Education and RINS, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • J.-W. Ko (Department of Physics Education and RINS, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • K. Y. Lee (Department of Physics Education and RINS, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • B. D. Park (Department of Physics Education and RINS, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • J. Y. Sohn (Department of Physics Education and RINS, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • C. S. Yoon (Department of Physics Education and RINS, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Y. G. Kim (Department of Science Education, Gwangju National University of Education) ;
  • K.-Y. Choi (Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • J.-K. Woo (Department of Physics, Jeju National University)
  • Received : 2021.07.22
  • Accepted : 2021.10.05
  • Published : 2021.11.19
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Abstract

Over the past few decades, tetrafluoroethane (TFE, R134a Freon)-based gases have been widely used in the operation of phenolic resistive plate chambers (RPCs) in many high-energy experiments. However, TFE has a high global warming potential (GWP); therefore, a search for new eco-friendly gases to replace traditional TFE-based ones is now unavoidable. In this research, we present cosmic-ray test results of a prototype RPC for the SHiP (search for hidden particles) experiment using 1.6- and 1.4-mm-thick RPC electrodes containing mixtures of various gases, including 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234ze), CO2, iC4H10 and SF6. We compare the performance data gathered with these new gas mixtures with those gathered with a traditional TFE-based gas used for RPCs in compact muon solenoid (CMS) and a toroidal LHC apparatus (ATLAS) experiments. The addition of CO2 to the HFO1234ze-based gas was found to be fairly effective in reducing the working-point high voltage (HVWP) for RPC operation. The results of our experiments lead us to the conclusion that adding 40% CO2 or less, when combined with HFO1234ze-based gas, is conducive to reliable detector performance for SHiP single-gap phenolic RPCs.

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Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea with grant numbers NRF-2020R1A2C1099546, NRF-2018R1A5A1025563, and NRF-2021R1A2C2011003.