Journal of the Health Care and Life Science (보건의료생명과학 논문지)

The Korean Society of Medical Informatics Education (한국의료정보교육협회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Stress Relief and Relaxation on Virtual Reality Intervention in Capsaicin-induced Pain

캡사이신 유발 통증 시 VR 중재가 스트레스 해소 및 이완에 미치는 효과

  • Sea-Hyun Bae (Department of Physical Therapy, Dongshin University) ;
  • Kyung-Yoon Kim (Department of Physical Therapy, Dongshin University)
  • 배세현 (동신대학교 물리치료학과) ;
  • 김경윤 (동신대학교 물리치료학과)
  • Received : 2022.09.26
  • Accepted : 2022.11.30
  • Published : 2022.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study aim to investigate the effects of virtual reality (VR) intervention on stress reduction and relaxation after induced pain through capsaicin skin application for healthy college students. The control group (n=6) was to non-treatment after capsaicin-induced pain, and the experimental group (n=8) was to application VR intervention after capsaicin-induced pain. The effect was measured using VAS, EEG, HRV and as a results, the experimental group was more effective in regressing to baseline value (TO) than the control group. Therefore, VR intervention is considered to be an effective intervention for stress relief and relaxation.

본 연구는 건강한 대학생을 대상으로 캡사이신을 이용한 통증 유발 후 가상현실(Virtual Reality, VR) 중재가 스트레스 해소 및 이완에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대조군(n=6)은 통증 유발 후 처치를 하지 않은 군, 실험군(n=8)은 통증 유발 후 VR 중재군으로 하였다. 효과측정은 통증척도, 뇌파, 심박변이를 이용하였고 그 결과, 대조군에 비해 실험군이 기준값(TO)으로 회귀하는데 더 효과적이었다. 따라서 VR 중재는 스트레스 해소 및 이완에 효과적인 중재방안이라고 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. SB. McMahon, P. Dargan, A. Lanas and P. Wiffen, 'The burden of musculoskeletal pain and the role of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in its treatment. Ten underpining statements from a global pain faculty', Current Medical Research and Opinion, Vol.37, No.2021, pp.287-292, 2021.
  2. SE. Nadeau, JK. Wu and RA. Lawhern, 'Opioids and chronic pain: An analytic review of the clinical evidence', Frontiers in Pain Research, Vol.2, 721357, 2021.
  3. J. Hojsted and P. Sjogren, 'Addiction to opioids in chronic pain patients: A literature review', European Journal of Pain, Vol.11, pp.490-518, 2007.
  4. P. Gerner, 'Postthoracotomy pain management problems', Anesthesiology Clinics, Vol.26, No.2, pp.355-367, 2008.
  5. R. Chou, A. Qaseem, V. Snow, D. Casey, JT. Cross, P. Shekelle and DK. Jr. Owens, 'Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: A joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society', Annals of Internal Medicine, Vol.147, No.7, pp.478-491, 2007.
  6. JR. Zadro, D. Shirley, M. Simic, SJ. Mousavi, D. Ceprnja, K. Maka, J. Sung and P. Ferreira, 'Video-Game-Based exercise for older people with chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial (GAMEBACK)', Physical Therapy, Vol.99, No.1, pp.14-27, 2019.
  7. A. Tabor, MA. Thacke, GL. Moseley and KP. Kording, 'Pain: A statistical account', PLoS Computational Biology, Vol.13, No,1, 2017.
  8. PG. Wittkopf, DM. Lloyd, O. Coe, S. Yacoobali and J. Billington, 'The effect of interactive virtual reality on pain perception: a systematic review of clinical studies', Disability and Rehabilitation, Vol.42, No.26, pp.3722-3733, 2020.
  9. HG. Hoffman, TL. Richards, B. Coda, AR. Bills, D. Blough, AL. Richards and SR. Sharar, 'Modulation of thermal pain-related brain activity with virtual reality: evidence from fMRI', Neuroreport, Vol.15, No.8, pp.1245-1248, 2004.
  10. JC. Brooks, WE. Davis and AE. Pickering, 'Resolving the brainstem contributions to attentional analgesia', The Journal of Neuroscience, Vol.37, No.9, pp.2279-2291, 2017.
  11. HG. Hoffman, DA. Boe, E. Rombokas, C. Khadra, S. LeMay, WJ. Meyer, S. Patterson, A. Ballesteros and SW. Pitt, 'Virtual reality hand therapy: A new tool for nonopioid analgesia for acute procedural pain, hand rehabilitation, and VR embodiment therapy for phantom limb pain', Journal of Hand Therapy, Vol.33, No.2, pp.254-262, 2020.
  12. B. Mallari, EK. Spaeth, H. Goh and BS. Boyd, 'Virtual reality as analgesic for acute and chronic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Journal of Pain Research, Vol.12, pp.2053-2085, 2019.
  13. V. Fattori, MS. Hohmann, AC. Rossaneis, FA. Pinho-Ribeiro and WA. Verri, 'Capsaicin: Current understanding of its mechanisms and therapy of pain and other pre-clinical and clinical uses', Molecules, Vol.21, No.7, pp.844, 2016.
  14. V. Arora, JN. Campbell and MK. Chung, 'Fight fire with fire: Neurobiology of capsaicin-induced analgesia for chronic pain', Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vol.220, 2021.
  15. C. Caruntu, C. Negrei, MA. Ghita, A. Caruntu, AI. Badarau, I. Buraga, D. Boda, A. Albu and D. Branisteanu, 'Capsaicin, a hot topic in skin pharmacology and physiology', Farmacia, Vol.63, No.4, pp.487-491, 2015.
  16. -C. Caruntu, D. Boda, S. Musat, A. Caruntu, E. Poenaru, B. Calenic, I. Savulescu-Fiedler, A. Draghia, M. Rotaru and AI. Badarau, 'Stress effects on cutaneous nociceptive nerve fibers and their neurons of origin in rats', Romanian Biotechnological Letters, Vol.19, No.4, pp.9517-9530, 2014.
  17. KE. Hannibal and MD. Bishop, 'Chronic stress, cortisol dysfunction, and pain: a psychoneuroendocrine rationale for stress management in pain rehabilitation', Physical Therapy, Vol.94, No.12, pp.1816-1825, 2014.
  18. J. Chen, M. Abbod and J-S. Shieh, 'Pain and stress detection using wearable sensors and devices-A review', Sensors, Vol.21, No.4, pp.1030-1048, 2021.
  19. AE. Panerai, 'Pain stress and headache', Neurological Sciences, Vol.33, No.1, pp.1-3, 2012.
  20. J. Steglitz, J. Buscemi and MJ. Ferguson, 'The future of pain research, education, and treatment: a summary of the IOM report "Relieving pain in America: a blueprint for transfroming prevention, care, education, and research"', Translational Behavioral Medicine, Vol.2, pp.6-8, 2012.
  21. KM. Bernier Carney, EE. Young, JW. Guite and AR. Starkweather, 'A systematic review of biological mechanisms and chronic pain outcomes during stress reduction intervention', Biological Research for Nursing, Vol.22, No.2, pp.205-216, 2020.
  22. S. Goel, P. Tomar and G. Kaur, 'ECG feature extraction for stress recognition in automobile drivers', Electornic Journal of Biology, Vol.12, No.2, pp.156-165, 2016.
  23. L. Hu, Z. Zhang, 'Evolving EEG signal processing techniqes in the age of artificial intellignece', Brain Science Advances, Vol.6, No.3, pp.159-161, 2020.
  24. H-Y Jeong and Y-I Choi, 'The stress reducing of effects of exercise to college of health science students', Journal of The Health Care and Life Science, Vol.4, No.2, pp.127-130, 2016.
  25. S-H Bae and K-Y Kim, 'The stimulation effects of auricular acupressure with magnetic pellets on stress-related brain wave and heart rate variability changes in university students', Journal of The Health Care and Life Science, Vol.9. No.2, pp.345-354, 2021.
  26. J-S Lee, 'The effects of partial sleep deprivation on pain-induced brain activity change: A quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) study', Doctorial Thesis, Seoul University, 2017.
  27. SW. Hughes, H. Zhao, EJ. Auvinet and PH. Strutton, 'Attenuation of capsaicin-induced ongoing pain and secondary hyperalgesia during exposure to an immersive virtual reality environment', Pain Reports, Vol.4, No.6, pp.e790, 2019.
  28. FX. Lesage, S. Berjot and F. Deschamps, 'Clinical stress assessment using a visual analogue scale', Occupational Medicine, Vol.62, No.8, pp.600-605, 2012.
  29. EG. Peniston, DA. Marrinan, WA. Deming and PJ. Kulkosky, 'EEG alpha-theta brain-wave synchronization in Vietnam theater veteran with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol abuse', Medical Pscychotherapy: An International Journal, Vol.6, pp.37-50, 1993.
  30. M. Yilmaz, H. Kayancicek and Y. Cekici, 'Heart rate variability: Highlights from hidden signals', Journal of Integrative Cardiology, Vol.4, No.5, pp.1-8, 2018.
  31. W. Janig, 'The sympathetic nervous system in pain', European Journal of Aneasthesiology, Vol.10, pp.53-60, 1995.
  32. JE. Hall, 'Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology' (13th ed.), Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 2016.
  33. L. Puljak, K. Boric and S. Dosenovic, 'Pain assessment in clinical trials: a narrative review', Annals of Translational Medicine, Vol.9, No.2, pp.188-192, 2021.
  34. K. Kaiser, DB. McGuire, TJ. Keay and M. Haisfield-Wolfe, 'Methodological challenges in conducting instrumentation research in non-communicative palliative care patients', Applied Nursing Research, Vol.51, pp.1-16, 2019.
  35. R. Wang, Y. Deng, S. Zhou and J. Zhang, 'EEG-derived pain threshold index for prediction of postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic urological surgery: a comparison with surgical pleth index' Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, Vol.35, No.6, pp.1395-1402, 2020.
  36. Z. Li, Z. Zhang, F. Zhang, R. Gu, W. Peng and L. Hu, 'Demystifying signal processing techniques to extract resting-state EEG features for psychologists', Brain Science Advances, Vol.6, No.3, pp.189-209, 2020.
  37. V. Wanigasekera, M. Mezue, J. Andersson, Y. Kong and I. Tracey, 'Disambiguating pharmacodynamic efficacy from behavior with neuroimaging: Implications for analgesic drug development', Anesthesiology, Vol.124, No.1, pp.159-168, 2016.
  38. Y. Tran, RA. Thuraisingham, N. Wijesuriya, HT. Nguyen and A. Criag, 'Detecting neural changes during stress and fatigue effectively: A comparison of spectral analysis and sample entropy', Proceedings of the 3 rd International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, pp.350-353, 2007.
  39. M-J Kim, J-E Song, K. Sowndhararajan and S-M Kim, 'Brain wave response to bottle color of herbicides and non-selective herbicides in korea', The Korean Society of Weed Science, Vol.7, No.2, pp.130-139, 2018.
  40. D-S Kim and J-U Choi, 'Electroencephalogram', Korea Medical Press, Seoul. 2017.
  41. LM. Tracy, L. Ioannous, KS. Baker, SJ. Gibson, N. Georgiou-Karistianis and MJ. Giummarra, 'Meta-analytic evidence for decreased heart rate variability in chronic pain implicating parasympathetic nervous system dysregulation' Pain, Vol.157, No.1, pp.7-29, 2016.
  42. BM. Appelhans and LJ. Luecken, 'Heart rate variability as an index of regulated emotional responding', Review of General Psychology, Vol.10, No.3, pp.229-240, 2006.
  43. RE. Maser and MJ. Lenhard, 'An overview of the effect of weight loss on cardiovascular autonomic function', Current Diabetes Reviews, Vol.3, No.3, pp.204-211, 2007.
  44. K. Arane, A. Behboudi and RD. Goldman, 'Virtual reality for pain and anxiety management in children', Canadian Family Physician, Vol.62, No.12, pp.932-934, 2017.
  45. JI. Gold, KA. Belmont and DA. Thomas, 'The neurobiology of virtual reality pain attenuation', Cyberpsychology & Behavior, Vol.10, No.4, pp.536-545, 2007.
  46. A. Li, Z. Montano, VJ. Chen and JI. Gold, 'Virtual reality and pain manangement: current trends and future directions', Pain Management, Vol.1, No.2, pp.147-157, 2011.
  47. Y. Yamashita, D. Shimohira, R. Aijima, K. Mori and A. Danjo, 'Clinical effect of virtual reality to relieve anxiety during impacted mandibular third molar extraction under local anesthesia', Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Vol.78, No.4, pp.545.e1-545.e6, 2020.
  48. HG. Hoffman, TL. Richards, T. Van Oostrom, BA. Coda, MP. Jensen, DK. Blough and SR. Sharar, 'The analgesic effects of opioids and immersive virtual reality distraction: evidence from subjective and functional brain imaging assessments', Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol.105, No.6, pp.1776-1783, 2007.
  49. N. Ahmadpour, H. Randall, H. Choksi, A. Gao, C. Vaughan and P. Poronnik, 'Virtual reality intervention for acute and chronic pain management', The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Vol.114, pp.105568, 2019.
  50. R. Melzack, 'Pain and the neuromatrix in the brain', Journal of Dental Education, Vol.65, No.12, pp.1378-1382, 2001.
  51. SM. Schneider and LE. Hood, 'Virtual reality: a distraction intervention for chemotherapy', Oncology Nursing Forum, Vol.34, No.1, pp.39-46, 2007.
  52. A. Pourmand, S. Davis, A. Marchak, T. Whiteside and N. Sikka, 'Virtual reality as a clinical tool for pain management', Current Pain and Headache Reports, Vol.22, No.8, pp.53-59, 2018.
  53. H-D Kim and A-R Joo, 'The study of promoting method for VR contents to reduce pain of child patient-focusing on the case studies of VR contents at hone and abroad', The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, Vol.20, No.6, pp.167-176, 2020.