Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science

Korean Academy of Periodontology (대한치주과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Bio-hybrid dental implants prepared using stem cells with β-TCP-coated titanium and zirconia

  • Received : 2020.08.28
  • Accepted : 2021.10.20
  • Published : 2022.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated periodontal ligament (PDL) restoration in osseointegrated implants using stem cells. Methods: Commercial pure titanium and zirconium oxide (zirconia) were coated with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) using a long-pulse Nd:YAG laser (1,064 nm). Isolated bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMSCs) from rabbit tibia and femur, isolated PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) from the lower right incisor, and co-cultured BMMSCs and PDLSCs were tested for periostin markers using an immunofluorescent assay. Implants with 3D-engineered tissue were implanted into the lower right central incisors after extraction from rabbits. Forty implants (Ti or zirconia) were subdivided according to the duration of implantation (healing period: 45 or 90 days). Each subgroup (20 implants) was subdivided into 4 groups (without cells, PDLSC sheets, BMMSC sheets, and co-culture cell sheets). All groups underwent histological testing involving haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, stereoscopic analysis to measure the PDL width, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The natural lower central incisors were used as controls. Results: The BMMSCs co-cultured with PDLSCs generated a well-formed PDL tissue that exhibited positive periostin expression. Histological analysis showed that the implantation of coated (Ti and zirconia) dental implants without a cell sheet resulted in a well-osseointegrated implant at both healing intervals, which was confirmed with FESEM analysis and negative periostin expression. The mesenchymal tissue structured from PDLSCs only or co-cultured (BMMSCs and PDLSCs) could form a natural periodontal tissue with no significant difference between Ti and zirconia implants, consequently forming a biohybrid dental implant. Green fluorescence for periostin was clearly detected around the biohybrid implants after 45 and 90 days. FESEM showed the invasion of PDL-like fibres perpendicular to the cementum of the bio-hybrid implants. Conclusions: β-TCP-coated (Ti and zirconia) implants generated periodontal tissue and formed biohybrid implants when mesenchymal-tissue-layered cell sheets were isolated from PDLSCs alone or co-cultured BMMSCs and PDLSCs.

Keywords

References

  1. Jani GH, Al-Ameer SS, Jawad S. Histological and histomorphometric analysis of strontium chloride coated commercially pure titanium implant compared with hydroxyapatite coating. J Baghdad Coll Dent 2015;27:26-31. https://doi.org/10.12816/0015261
  2. Ozkurt Z, Kazazoglu E. Zirconia dental implants: a literature review. J Oral Implantol 2011;37:367-76. https://doi.org/10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-09-00079
  3. Osman RB, Swain MV. A critical review of dental implant materials with an emphasis on titanium versus zirconia. Materials (Basel) 2015;8:932-58. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8030932
  4. Comesana R, Quintero F, Lusquinos F, Pascual MJ, Boutinguiza M, Duran A, et al. Laser cladding of bioactive glass coatings. Acta Biomater 2010;6:953-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2009.08.010
  5. Oshima M, Inoue K, Nakajima K, Tachikawa T, Yamazaki H, Isobe T, et al. Functional tooth restoration by next-generation bio-hybrid implant as a bio-hybrid artificial organ replacement therapy. Sci Rep 2014;4:6044. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06044
  6. Alissa R, Oliver RJ. Influence of prognostic risk indicators on osseointegrated dental implant failure: a matched case-control analysis. J Oral Implantol 2012;38:51-61. https://doi.org/10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-10-00086
  7. Lee DJ, Lee JM, Kim EJ, Takata T, Abiko Y, Okano T, et al. Bio-implant as a novel restoration for tooth loss. Sci Rep 2017;7:7414. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07819-z
  8. Garg H, Deepa D. Bioengineered periodontal ligament: ligaplants, a new dimension in the field of implant dentistry - mini review. J Oral Res Rev 2018;10:92-5. https://doi.org/10.4103/jorr.jorr_1_18
  9. Huang CY, Pelaez D, Dominguez-Bendala J, Garcia-Godoy F, Cheung HS. Plasticity of stem cells derived from adult periodontal ligament. Regen Med 2009;4:809-21. https://doi.org/10.2217/rme.09.55
  10. Chen FM, Gao LN, Tian BM, Zhang XY, Zhang YJ, Dong GY, et al. Treatment of periodontal intrabony defects using autologous periodontal ligament stem cells: a randomized clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016;7:33-33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-016-0288-1
  11. Nagata M, Iwasaki K, Akazawa K, Komaki M, Yokoyama N, Izumi Y, et al. Conditioned medium from periodontal ligament stem cells enhances periodontal regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2017;23:367-77. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0274
  12. Zhu W, Liang M. Periodontal ligament stem cells: current status, concerns, and future prospects. Stem Cells Int 2015;2015:972313. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/972313
  13. Tsumanuma Y, Iwata T, Kinoshita A, Washio K, Yoshida T, Yamada A, et al. Allogeneic transplantation of periodontal ligament-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell sheets in canine critical-size supra-alveolar periodontal defect model. Biores Open Access 2016;5:22-36. https://doi.org/10.1089/biores.2015.0043
  14. Seyed Foroutan K, Khodarahmi A, Alavi H, Pedram S, Baghaban Eslaminejad MR, Bordbar S. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and vein conduit on sciatic nerve repair in rats. Trauma Mon 2015;20:e23325-23325.
  15. Iwata T, Washio K, Yoshida T, Ishikawa I, Ando T, Yamato M, et al. Cell sheet engineering and its application for periodontal regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015;9:343-56. https://doi.org/10.1002/term.1785
  16. Jabur AR, Al-Hassani ES, Al-Shammari AM, Najim MA, Hassan AA, Ahmed AA. Evaluation of stem cells' growth on electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds used for soft tissue applications. Energy Procedia 2017;119:61-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.048
  17. Iwasaki K, Washio K, Meinzer W, Tsumanuma Y, Yano K, Ishikawa I. Application of cell-sheet engineering for new formation of cementum around dental implants. Heliyon (Lond) 2019;5:e01991-01991.
  18. Al-Sayed Ali SR, Hussein AHA, Nofal AAMS, Hasseb Elnaby SEI, Elgazzar HA, Sabour HA. Laser powder cladding of Ti-6Al-4V α/β alloy. Materials (Basel) 2017;10:1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10101178
  19. Safi IN, Hussein BMA, Al Shammari AM, Tawfiq TA. Implementation and characterization of coating pure titanium dental implant with sintered β-TCP by using Nd:YAG laser. Saudi Dent J 2019;31:242-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.12.004
  20. Safi IN, Hussein BMA, Al-Shammari AM. Testing and characterization of sintered β-tricalcium phosphate coat upon zirconia dental implant using Nd:YAG laser. J Laser Appl 2019;31:032002. https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5088856
  21. Safi IN, Mohammed Ali Hussein B, Al-Shammari AM. In vitro periodontal ligament cell expansion by co-culture method and formation of multi-layered periodontal ligament-derived cell sheets. Regen Ther 2019;11:225-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reth.2019.08.002
  22. Wei F, Qu C, Song T, Ding G, Fan Z, Liu D, et al. Vitamin C treatment promotes mesenchymal stem cell sheet formation and tissue regeneration by elevating telomerase activity. J Cell Physiol 2012;227:3216-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.24012
  23. Safi IN, Al-Shammari AM, Ul-Jabbar MA, Hussein BMA. Preparing polycaprolactone scaffolds using electrospinning technique for construction of artificial periodontal ligament tissue. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020;15:363-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.007
  24. Neamah AD. Evaluation of pulp regeneration process by using low level laser therapy, collagen, and bone morphogenic protein-7 in rabbits, in oral histology and biology. Baghdad: College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad; 2018.
  25. Jabur AR, Najim MA. Preparation and characterization of an artificial tissue using polymer blend by electrospinning method. Baghdad: University of Technology; 2015.
  26. Avila G, Misch K, Galindo-Moreno P, Wang HL. Implant surface treatment using biomimetic agents. Implant Dent 2009;18:17-26. https://doi.org/10.1097/ID.0b013e318192cb7d
  27. Sieniawski J, Ziaja W. Titanium alloys -advances in properties control. Rijeka: InTech; 2013.
  28. Viswanath B, Raghavan R, Gurao NP, Ramamurty U, Ravishankar N. Mechanical properties of tricalcium phosphate single crystals grown by molten salt synthesis. Acta Biomater 2008;4:1448-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2008.02.031
  29. Kuo PH, Joshi SS, Lu X, Ho YH, Xiang Y, Dahotre NB, et al. Laser coating of bioactive glasses on bioimplant titanium alloys. Int J Appl Glass Sci 2018;10:307-20.
  30. Ion JC. Laser processing of engineering materials: principles, procedure and industrial application. Amsterdam, Boston: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann; 2005.
  31. Jang JH, Joo BD, Van Tyne CJ, Moon YH. Characterization of deposited layer fabricated by direct laser melting process. Met Mater Int 2013;19:497-506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-013-3018-6
  32. Iwata T, Yamato M, Tsuchioka H, Takagi R, Mukobata S, Washio K, et al. Periodontal regeneration with multi-layered periodontal ligament-derived cell sheets in a canine model. Biomaterials 2009;30:2716-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.01.032
  33. Smirnov IV, Rau JV, Fosca M, De Bonis A, Latini A, Teghil R, et al. Structural modification of titanium surface by octacalcium phosphate via Pulsed Laser Deposition and chemical treatment. Bioact Mater 2017;2:101-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.03.002
  34. Park YS, Chung SH, Shon WJ. Peri-implant bone formation and surface characteristics of rough surface zirconia implants manufactured by powder injection molding technique in rabbit tibiae. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013;24:586-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02468.x
  35. Ali AM, Thair L, Intisar J. Studying biomimetic coated niobium as an alternative dental implant material to titanium (in vitro and in vivo study). Baghdad Sci J 2018;15:253-61. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.15.3.253-261
  36. Washio K, Ishikawa I, Yano K, Iwasaki K, Tumanuma Y. Innovative potential of periodontal ligament cell sheet engineering in functional implant therapy. Innov Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018;1:1-4.
  37. Zhu B, Liu W, Zhang H, Zhao X, Duan Y, Li D, et al. Tissue-specific composite cell aggregates drive periodontium tissue regeneration by reconstructing a regenerative microenvironment. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017;11:1792-805. https://doi.org/10.1002/term.2077
  38. Marei MK, Saad MM, El-Ashwah AM, El-Backly RM, Al-Khodary MA. Experimental formation of periodontal structure around titanium implants utilizing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: a pilot study. J Oral Implantol 2009;35:106-29. https://doi.org/10.1563/1548-1336-35.3.106
  39. Yamada S, Tauchi T, Awata T, Maeda K, Kajikawa T, Yanagita M, et al. Characterization of a novel periodontal ligament-specific periostin isoform. J Dent Res 2014;93:891-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034514543015
  40. Afanador E, Yokozeki M, Oba Y, Kitase Y, Takahashi T, Kudo A, et al. Messenger RNA expression of periostin and Twist transiently decrease by occlusal hypofunction in mouse periodontal ligament. Arch Oral Biol 2005;50:1023-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2005.04.002
  41. Du J, Li M. Functions of Periostin in dental tissues and its role in periodontal tissues' regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017;74:4279-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-017-2645-3