Korean Journal of Ichthyology (한국어류학회지)

The Ichthyological Society of Korea (한국어류학회)
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Distribution Status and Extinction Threat Evaluation of the Short Ninespine Stickleback Pungitius kaibarae (Gasterosteidae) in Korea

잔가시고기 Pungitius kaibarae (큰가시고기과)의 분포 현황 및 멸종위협평가

  • Received : 2022.09.27
  • Accepted : 2022.11.18
  • Published : 2022.12.31
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Abstract

A distribution survey was conducted from 2018 to 2020 to evaluate the distribution status, habitat characteristics, and extinction threat of the short ninespine stickleback Pungitius kaibarae (Gasterosteidae). Literature reports of P. kaibarae distribution have been sorted by each period, 1980~1996, 1997~2005, and 2007~2017, and the samples were collected in 32, 43, and 64 stations for each period. Among the 75 streams and 193 sampling sites investigated during the study period, 1,400 P. kaibarae individuals were collected from 26 streams at 39 sites. The main habitat of P. kaibarae was downstream or brackish water zones with a low altitude, slow water velocity, and many aquatic plants. The main reasons for the decline in population size were assumed to be drought and flood, river work for flood restoration and river maintenance, bridges construction, and predation by the exotic fish species Micropterus salmoides. Previous evidence reported a 42.6% reduction in occupancy within 10 years, a decline in habitat quality, and the spread and impact of the exotic fish species Micropterus salmoides. Therefore, P. kaibarae is now considered a Vulnerable (VU A2ace) species based on the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Therefore, P. kaibarae should be redesignated as an endangered species by the Ministry of Environment and systematically managed.

잔가시고기 Pungitius kaibarae의 분포양상 및 서식지 특징, 멸종위협등급을 평가하기 위해 2018년부터 2020년까지 분포 조사를 실시하였다. 과거 출현지점 수는 1980~1996년, 1997~2005, 2007~2017년으로 구분하여 정리한 결과, 각각 32개, 43개, 64개 지점이었다. 분포 조사는 75개 하천, 193개 지점을 조사하여 26개 하천, 39개 지점에서 1,400개체를 채집하였다. 잔가시고기는 주로 고도가 낮고 유속이 느리며 수초가 많은 하천 하류 또는 기수역에 서식하였다. 위협요인으로 가뭄 및 홍수, 홍수복구와 하천정비 공사, 교량 건설, 외래종 배스의 포식 등이었다. IUCN 평가기준에 따른 멸종위협등급을 평가한 결과, 10년 동안 서식지 감소율 42.6%, 서식지의 질적 하락, 외래종 배스의 확산 및 영향 등을 근거로 취약(Vulnerable, VU A2ace)으로 평가되었다. 따라서 잔가시고기는 환경부 멸종위기종으로 재지정하고 체계적으로 관리해야 할 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 2022년 국립생물자원관의 보호야생생물 관찰평가 및 관리(NIBR202209101)의 지원으로 수행된 연구입니다.

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