벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)

  • 제17권3호
  • /
  • Pages.33-50
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  • 2022
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  • 1975-7557(pISSN)
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  • 2671-9509(eISSN)
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)
권호 표지

아시아여성대학생의 기업가역량 연구: 4개국 비교

Examining Entrepreneurial Competences of Asian Female University Students: A Four Country Comparison

  • 김명희 (숙명여자대학교 영문학부) ;
  • 안진원 (한동대학교 경영경제학부) ;
  • 김미성 (계명대학교 교육혁신처) ;
  • 김미란 (한국여성기업가정신훈련원)
  • 투고 : 2022.02.09
  • 심사 : 2022.06.20
  • 발행 : 2022.06.30
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초록

전세계적으로 여성기업인이 늘어나면서 여성기업가정신이 지속가능경제발전의 추진 동력의 하나로 점점 인식되고 있으나, 여성기업가정신에 대한 연구는 충분히 이루어지지 않고 있다. 특히 서구권 이외의 지역에서의 연구는 더욱 미진한 상황이다. 본 연구는 아시아의 4개국(인도네시아, 한국, 필리핀, 베트남) 여성대학생의 기업가역량 현황, 국가별 기업가역량 격차, 기업가역량에 영향을 주는 요소를 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 온라인설문을 사용하여 총 516명의 여성 대학생들로부터 자료를 수집해서, 6개 차원의 기업가역량(기업가정신역량, 분별력역량, 기업경영역량, 관계경영역량, 전략경영역량, 다중작업역량) 현황 및 국가 간 차이점을 고찰해 보았다. 또한 본 연구에서는 기업가정신교과목 이수 경험, 교내 기업가정신 활동 경험, 교외 기업가정신 활동 경험, 기업가의향의 4개 변수가 6개의 기업가역량에 미치는 영향을 탐색하였다. 자료분석결과, 아시아 여성대학생들은 전체 집단 차원에서 상당히 높은 기업가역량을 보유한 것으로 파악되는데, 특히 필리핀학생들이 6개 역량에서 가장 높은 기업가역량을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 기업가역량에 미치는 4개 변수가 전체집단의 회귀분석에서 모두 유의미한 결과를 보였다. 교내 기업가정신 활동 경험은 6개 기업가역량 모두에서 유의미하게 긍정적 효과를 시현하였으며, 기업가정신교과목 이수 경험과 기업가의향은 3개 기업가역량에서 긍정적 효과를 나타냈다. 그러나, 교외 기업가정신 활동 경험은 부정적 효과를 나타냈으나, 그 관계는 유의미하지 않았다. 한편 개별국가 집단에서는 각각 다른 요소가 기업가역량의 각기 다른 차원의 영향을 주는 것으로 드러났다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로, 본 연구에서는 여성기업가정신을 기르기 위한 방안과 향후 연구 방향을 제시한다.

While the number of female entrepreneurs has been increasing, and female entrepreneurship has been increasingly perceived as a driving force of sustainable economic development, there is a lack of studies of female entrepreneurship, particularly in the non-Western regions. This study aims to explore current levels of entrepreneurial competences of female college students in four Asian countries (i.e., Indonesia, Korea, Philippines, and Vietnam), differences in the competences between countries, and factors affecting their entrepreneurial competences. Using online surveys, the present study collected data from 516 female Asian college students and examined their entrepreneurial competences in six dimensions-entrepreneurship, sensibility, business management, relationship management, strategic management, and multi-tasking. This study also investigated effects of four variables (i.e., entrepreneurship course taking experiences, on-campus entrepreneurship experiences, off-campus entrepreneurship experiences, and entrepreneurial intentions) on the six aspects of entrepreneurial competences. Data analysis reveals that female Asian college students as a whole group possess quite high levels of entrepreneurial competences while the Filipino students show the biggest competence in all the six dimensions measured. As regards affecting factors, this study finds that, in the total sample, regression equations are significant in all the six dimensions of entrepreneurial competences. On-campus experiences have significantly positive effects on those six dimensions while course taking experiences and entrepreneurial intentions positively affect three different dimensions each. However, out-of-campus experiences turn out to be negative though their effects are insignificant. Meanwhile, in individual samples, different factors affect different dimensions of entrepreneurial competences. Based on these findings, the present study suggests some actions for promoting female entrepreneurship and for conducting future studies.

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