Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment (환경영향평가)

Korean Society of Environmental Impact Assessment (한국환경영향평가학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Revisiting Suburban Developments: Urban Evolution and Its Implication to Planning

교외개발의 재조명: 도시의 진화와 계획으로의 함의

  • Kang, Sangjun (Department of Urban Planning.Real Estate, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
  • 강상준 (국립강릉원주대학교 도시계획.부동산학과)
  • Received : 2022.06.03
  • Accepted : 2022.06.14
  • Published : 2022.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study attempts to understand urban evolution characteristics through suburban development cases considered as a contemporary urban issue. Methods are (1) Urban Expansion Intensity Index (UEII) for the 9 cities in the Korea (1980-2010) & 49 cities in the US, (2) Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA) and Entropy for the developed areas in the Chicago Metro (2019). Results are (1) a suburban development could be understood the universal characteristics, (2) the characteristics of the whole region might be appeared to be in a different direction from the characteristics of its sub-cities. Implications are (1) Suburban expansion can be understood as a functionally well served urban change phenomenon and it is important to focus on the functions of sub-level cities, (2) the urban evolutionary perspective makes a difference from the developmental growth perspective. The extensive empirical studies will be beneficial for better understating of urban evolution.

본 연구는 현대도시 문제점 중 하나인 교외개발 사례를 통해 도시의 진화성을 이해해 보려는 시론적 연구이다. 방법론으로 (1) 국내 9개(1980-2010), 미국 49개 도시(1992-2019년)의 도시확장강도지수(UEII) 산출, (2) 2019년 시카고 대도시권 도시지역을 대상으로 형태학적 공간패턴(MSP)과 엔트로피(Entropy) 분석이다. 주요결과는 (1) 도시확산 현상은 보편적인 도시변화 특성으로 이해할 수 있다, (2) 전체지역의 특성은 하위단위 도시들의 특성과 다른 방향으로 나타날 수 있다. 연구함의는 (1) 교외 도시확산현상은 도시에게 부여된 여러 기능에 부합하는 도시변화 현상으로 이해할 수 있으며 하위단위 도시·생활권의 기능이 큰 의미를 갖는다, (2) 진화론적 관점에서의 도시는 기존의 발달성장 논의와 큰 차이가 있다. 이 연구는 도시의 부분적 특성을 사례로 삼고 있다는 한계를 보이며 향후 도시의 진화하는 속성을 이해하기 위한 폭넓은 실증연구가 필요하다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2021년도 강릉원주대학교 장기해외파견연구지원으로 수행되었음.

References

  1. Alexander C. 2015. A city is not a tree: 50th anniversary edition, Sustasis Press.
  2. Allen P. 1997. Cities and Regions as Self-Organizing Systems: Models of Complexity. Routledge Press.
  3. Arab A, Namyatova A, Evans A, Cameron L, Yeates K, Ho W, Lo N. 2017. Parallel evolution of mound-building and grass-feeding in Australian nasute termites. Biology Letters.
  4. Batty M. 2000. Less is more, more is different: complexity, morpohology, cites and emergence. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 27: 167-168. https://doi.org/10.1068/b2702ed
  5. Batty M, Marshall S. 2017. Thinking organic, acting civic: The paradox of planning for Cities in Evolution. Landscape and Urban Planning 166: 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.06.002
  6. Bonabeau E. 2002. Predicting the Unpredictable. Harvard Business Review 5-11.
  7. Brody S. 2013. The characteristics, causes, and consequence of sprawling development patterns in the United States. Nature Education Knowledge 4: 2.
  8. Burchell W, Shad A, Listokin D, Phillips H, Downs A, Seskin S, Davis S, Moore T, Helton D, Gall M. 1998. The Costs of Sprawl-Revisited https://www.worldtransitresearch.info/research/2965 (accessed May 1, 2022).
  9. Carmona M, Marshall S, Stevens Q. 2006. Design codes: their use and potential. Progress in Planning 65: 209-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2006.03.008
  10. Darwin C. (1859, 1995). The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: Penguin Classics.
  11. Das Chatterjee N, Chatterjee S, Khan A. 2016. Spatial modelling of urban sprawl around Greater Bhubaneswar city, India. Modelling Earth System Environment.
  12. Dear M. 1986. Postmodernism and Planning. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4(3): 367-384. https://doi.org/10.1068/d040367
  13. Dennett D. 1966. Darwin's dangerous idea: Evolution and the meanings of life. Simon & Schuster Press.
  14. Dobzhansky T. 1973. Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. The American Biology Teacher 35(3): 125-129. https://doi.org/10.2307/4444260
  15. Habeeb D, Virgo J, Stone B. 2015. Rising heat wave trends in large US cities. Natural Hazards 76(3): 1651-1665. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1563-z
  16. Hopkins L, Knaap G. 2019. The Illinois school of thinking about plan. Journal of Urban Management 8(1): 5-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2019.02.001
  17. Isserman A. 1984. Projection, forecast, and plan. Journal of the American Planning Association 50(2): 208-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944368408977176
  18. Isserman A. 1985. Dare to plan: An essay on the role of the future in planning practice and education. Town Planning Review 36: 483-491. https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.56.4.g24261722hq10208
  19. Jones S. 1999. Almost like a whale: The origin of species updated. Doubleday Press.
  20. Kuhn T. 1996. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. University of Chicago Press.
  21. Lu S, Guan X, He C, Zhang J. 2014. Spatiotemporal patterns and policy implications of urban land expansion in metropolitan areas: A case study of Wuhan urban agglomeration, central China. Sustainability 6(8): 4723-4748. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6084723
  22. Ma R, Gu C, Pu Y, Ma X. 2008. Mining the urban sprawl pattern: A case study on Sunan, China. Sensors 8(10): 6371-6395. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8106371
  23. Marshall S. 2009. Cities, Design and Evolution. Routledge Press.
  24. Paul K. 1996. The Self-organizing Economy. Wiley-Blackwell Press.
  25. Portugali J. 2000. Self-Organization and the City. Springer Press.
  26. Resnick M. 1997. Turtles, termites, and traffic jams: Explorations in massively parallel microworlds. Bradford Books.
  27. Shannon C. 1948. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Techinical Jouranl 27: 379-423. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
  28. Soille P, Vogt P. 2009. Morphological segmentation of binary patterns. Pattern Recognition Letters 30: 456-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2008.10.015
  29. Soule D. 2006. Urban sprawl: a comprehensive reference guide. Greenwood Press.
  30. Sudhira H, Ramachandra T, Jagadish K. 2004. Urban sprawl: metrics and modeling using GIS. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 5(1): 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2003.08.002
  31. Vogt P. 2015. Quantifying landscape fragmentation. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/PeterVogt-4/publication/281320578_Quantifying_landscape_fragmentation/links/55e1d89908ae2fac471f83fc/Quantifying-landscapefragmentation.pdf(accessed May 1, 2022)
  32. Vogt P. 2010. User guide of GUIDOS.
  33. Vogt P, Riitters K, Iwanowiski M, Estreguil C, Kozak J, Soille P. 2007. Mapping landscape corridors. Ecological Indicators 7(2): 481-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.11.001
  34. Yeh A, Li X. 1998. Sustainable land development model for rapid growth areas using GIS. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 12(2), 169-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/136588198241941
  35. Zhao B, Chan K, Sit O. 2003. Globalization and the dominance of large cities in contemporary China. Cities 20(4): 265-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(03)00031-3