Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology (대한영상의학회지)

The Korean Society of Radiology (대한영상의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Inguinal and Scrotal Diseases in Children and Adolescents

소아와 청소년의 서혜부와 음낭 질환

  • Jaeyoung Lee (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital) ;
  • Youngtong Kim (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital) ;
  • Sungshick Jou (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital) ;
  • Chanho Park (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital)
  • 이재영 (순천향대학교 천안병원 영상의학과) ;
  • 김영통 (순천향대학교 천안병원 영상의학과) ;
  • 조성식 (순천향대학교 천안병원 영상의학과) ;
  • 박찬호 (순천향대학교 천안병원 영상의학과)
  • Received : 2021.05.25
  • Accepted : 2021.09.30
  • Published : 2022.07.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In children and adolescents, inguinal and scrotal diseases are relatively common, and imaging is very useful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the imaging findings of these diseases. In this article, we classify these diseases into small testes, cryptorchidism, patent processus vaginalis, acute scrotum pain, trauma, testicular tumors, and others and describe their characteristic findings.

소아와 청소년에서 서혜부와 음낭 질환들은 비교적 흔하며, 영상은 이들 질환의 진단과 감별진단에 매우 유용하다. 때문에 이 질환들의 영상 소견을 알고 있는 것이 중요하다. 이 논문에서는 이 질환들을 크기가 작은 고환, 잠복고환, 남아있는 초상 돌기, 급성 고환통, 외상, 종양, 그 외로 분류하고 이 질환 들의 특징적인 소견에 대해 기술하고자 한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Aso C, Enriquez G, Fite M, Toran N, Piro C, Piqueras J, et al. Gray-scale and color Doppler sonography of scrotal disorders in children: an update. Radiographics 2005;25:1197-1214 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.255045109
  2. Kim W, Rosen MA, Langer JE, Banner MP, Siegelman ES, Ramchandani P. US MR imaging correlation in pathologic conditions of the scrotum. Radiographics 2007;27:1239-1253 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.275065172
  3. Joseph A, Yao H, Hinton BT. Development and morphogenesis of the Wolffian/epididymal duct, more twists and turns. Dev Biol 2009;325:6-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.10.012
  4. Patni P, Mohanty SK, Singh R. Embryonic development of the testis. In Singh R, Singh K, eds. Male infertility: understanding, causes and treatment. Singapore: Springer 2017:13-24
  5. Ansell PE, Bennett V, Bull D, Jackson MB, Pike LA, Pike MC, et al. Cryptorchidism: a prospective study of 7500 consecutive male births, 1984-8. Arch Dis Child 1992;67:892-899 https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.67.7.892
  6. Fawzy F, Hussein A, Eid MM, El Kashash AM, Salem HK. Cryptorchidism and fertility. Clin Med Insights Reprod Health 2015;9:39-43 https://doi.org/10.4137/CMRH.S25056
  7. Goh DW, Hutson JM. Is the retractile testis a normal, physiological variant or an anomaly that requires active treatment? Pediatr Surg Int 1992;7:249-252 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00183973
  8. Keys C, Heloury Y. Retractile testes: a review of the current literature. J Pediatr Urol 2012;8:2-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2011.03.016
  9. Anderson KM, Costa SF, Sampaio FJ, Favorito LA. Do retractile testes have anatomical anomalies? Int Braz J Urol 2016;42:803-809 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2015.0538
  10. Revzin MV, Ersahin D, Israel GM, Kirsch JD, Mathur M, Bokhari J, et al. US of the inguinal canal: comprehensive review of pathologic processes with CT and MR imaging correlation. Radiographics 2016;36:2028-2048 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2016150181
  11. Weaver KL, Poola AS, Gould JL, Sharp SW, St Peter SD, Holcomb GW 3rd. The risk of developing a symptomatic inguinal hernia in children with an asymptomatic patent processus vaginalis. J Pediatr Surg 2017;52:60-64 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.10.018
  12. Rowe MI, Clatworthy HW Jr. The other side of the pediatric inguinal hernia. Surg Clin North Am 1971;51:1371-1376 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6109(16)39592-5
  13. Rafailidis V, Varelas S, Apostolopoulou F, Rafailidis D. Nonobliteration of the processus vaginalis: sonography of related abnormalities in children. J Ultrasound Med 2016;35:805-818 https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.15.04060
  14. Chang YT, Lee JY, Wang JY, Chiou CS, Chang CC. Hydrocele of the spermatic cord in infants and children: its particular characteristics. Urology 2010;76:82-86 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2010.02.062
  15. Akin EA, Khati NJ, Hill MC. Ultrasound of the scrotum. Ultrasound Q 2004;20:181-200 https://doi.org/10.1097/00013644-200412000-00004
  16. Kuhn AL, Scortegagna E, Nowitzki KM, Kim YH. Ultrasonography of the scrotum in adults. Ultrasonography 2016;35:180-197 https://doi.org/10.14366/usg.15075
  17. Sung EK, Setty BN, Castro-Aragon I. Sonography of the pediatric scrotum: emphasis on the Ts--torsion, trauma, and tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012;198:996-1003 https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.11.8034
  18. Dogra VS, Gottlieb RH, Oka M, Rubens DJ. Sonography of the scrotum. Radiology 2003;227:18-36 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2271001744
  19. Kitami M. Ultrasonography of pediatric urogenital emergencies: review of classic and new techniques. Ultrasonography 2017;36:222-238 https://doi.org/10.14366/usg.17011
  20. Xiao H, Gao Y, Li Y, Tang Y, Zhu L, Xu J, et al. Ultrasound assessment of perinatal testicular torsion. Br J Radiol 2016;89:20151077
  21. Rafailidis V, Apostolou D, Charsoula A, Rafailidis D. Sonography of the scrotum: from appendages to scrotolithiasis. J Ultrasound Med 2015;34:507-518 https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.34.3.507
  22. Sanguesa C, Veiga D, Llavador M, Serrano A. Testicular tumours in children: an approach to diagnosis and management with pathologic correlation. Insights Imaging 2020;11:74
  23. Woodward PJ, Schwab CM, Sesterhenn IA. From the archives of the AFIP: extratesticular scrotal masses: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2003;23:215-240 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.231025133
  24. Dogra VS, Gottlieb RH, Rubens DJ, Liao L. Benign intratesticular cystic lesions: US features. Radiographics 2001;21 Spec No:S273-S281 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.21.suppl_1.g01oc15s273