Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the Brackish Water Clam (Corbicular japonica) from Seomjin River to Gwangyang Bay, South Korea

섬진강-광양만 하구 기수 재첩 (Corbicular japonica)의 분자 계통유전학적 분석

  • Ji-Hoon Kim (Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Won-Seok Kim (Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kiyun Park (Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Ihn-Sil Kwak (Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University)
  • 김지훈 (전남대학교 해양융합과학과) ;
  • 김원석 (전남대학교 해양융합과학과) ;
  • 박기연 (전남대학교 수산과학연구소) ;
  • 곽인실 (전남대학교 해양융합과학과)
  • Received : 2022.07.05
  • Accepted : 2022.09.05
  • Published : 2022.09.30
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Abstract

An estuary is a water ecosystem with a high abundance of the species diversity, due to a variety of complex physicochemical factors of the area where freshwater and ocean mixed. The identification of Corbicula species in the estuary environments is difficult because of various morphological characteristics. In this study, we provide taxonomic information on Corbicula species with taxonomic difficulties using morphological and genetic analysis. This study was conducted on clams from the Seomjin River-Gwangyang Bay, one of the major production area of marsh clam in Korea. As a result, we characterized Cytocrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of the Corbicula. The 636 bp nucleotide sequences of COI have 98% homology among Corbicula species collected from 2 sites of Seomjin River-Gwangyang Bay. The phylogenetic analysis with 17 species of Corbicula indicated that most of the species collected from Seomjin River-Gwangyang Bay were brackish water clam (Corbicula japonica), and only one Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea). The evolutionary distance between C. japonica and C. fluminea was less than 0.003. Therefore, it was confirmed that C. japonica is phylogenetically closely related to C. fluminea. In 9 species of Cyrenidae, phylogenetic tree was classified into three lineages. These results will be used as an important data for an identification of clam species by providing genetic information for Corbicula species with a morphological diversity.

재첩은 하구생태계에 서식하는 종으로, 우리나라에는 섬진강 하구에서 가장 많이 분포하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 섬진강 하구에 서식하는 재첩은 담수와 해수생태계의 변화를 잘 반영하는 종이다. 재첩은 외부형태만으로는 종 동정이 어려운 분류군에 속한다. 본 연구에서는 섬진강 서식 재첩의 종 동정을 위해 형태적 관찰뿐만 아니라 미토콘드리아 DNA의 COI 유전자 기반 DNA 바코딩을 통해 분석하였다. 그 결과 재첩 간 다른 두 종을 확인하였으며, COI 염기서열의 다중배열 분석결과 약 98%의 높은 상동성을 보였다. 재첩과 내 다양한 종들과 계통수 분석으로 계통유 전학적 위치를 확인한 결과, 본 연구에서 사용한 재첩은 C. japonica, C. fluminea와 하나의 계통군으로 묶여졌고 진화적 거리는 0.003 이하로 나타났다. 또한 재첩속인 C. leana와 0.089, C. fluminalis와 0.096으로, 재첩과 내 3종과는 약 0.2로 C. japonica에 비해 상대적으로 진화적 거리가 먼 것으로 나타났다. 계통유전학적 분석을 통해 본 연구에서 사용한 재첩은 C. japonica이고, 그중 한 개체가 C. fluminea인 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 DNA 바코딩을 이용한 섬진강 하류 지역에 서식하는 재첩의 COI 시컨스를 통해 계통유전학적 정보를 제공하여 형태학적 분석에 어려움이 있는 종에 대한 중요한 자료로 활용될 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 한국연구재단 중점연구사업의 지원(NRF-2018-R1A6A1A-03024314)과 환경부의 재원으로 한국환경산업기술원 수생태계 건강성 확보 기술개발사업의 지원(2021003050001)을 받아 수행된 연구임.

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