Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Dynamics of Viral and Host 3D Genome Structure upon Infection

  • Meyer J. Friedman (Department and School of Medicine, University of California) ;
  • Haram Lee (College of Pharmacy, Korea University) ;
  • Young-Chan Kwon (Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infections, Korean Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Soohwan Oh (College of Pharmacy, Korea University)
  • Received : 2022.08.12
  • Accepted : 2022.09.23
  • Published : 2022.12.28
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Abstract

Eukaryotic chromatin is highly organized in the 3D nuclear space and dynamically regulated in response to environmental stimuli. This genomic organization is arranged in a hierarchical fashion to support various cellular functions, including transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Like other host cellular mechanisms, viral pathogens utilize and modulate host chromatin architecture and its regulatory machinery to control features of their life cycle, such as lytic versus latent status. Combined with previous research focusing on individual loci, recent global genomic studies employing conformational assays coupled with high-throughput sequencing technology have informed models for host and, in some cases, viral 3D chromosomal structure re-organization during infection and the contribution of these alterations to virus-mediated diseases. Here, we review recent discoveries and progress in host and viral chromatin structural dynamics during infection, focusing on a subset of DNA (human herpesviruses and HPV) as well as RNA (HIV, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2) viruses. An understanding of how host and viral genomic structure affect gene expression in both contexts and ultimately viral pathogenesis can facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Soohwan Oh is supported by a Korea University Grant (K2223251) and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2022R1C1C101069911).

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