Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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Structural Controls on Crustal Fluid Redistribution and Hydrothermal Gold Deposits: A Review on the Suction Pump and Fault Valve Models

지각 내 열수 재분배와 금광상 형성의 구조적 제어: 석션 펌프 및 단층 밸브 모델에 대한 리뷰

  • Kwak, Yujung (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Park, Seung-Ik (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Park, Changyun (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2022.04.21
  • Accepted : 2022.04.27
  • Published : 2022.04.28
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Abstract

Hydrothermal gold deposits are evidence of intensive fluid flow through fault zones, and the resultant vein structures and textures reflect the fluid redistribution mechanism. This review introduces the suction pump and fault valve models as fluid circulation mechanisms causing hydrothermal gold deposits in the frameworks of the concepts of fault mechanics. The suction pump and fault valve models describe faulting-driven heterogeneous fluid flow and related vein formation mechanisms, accompanied by the cycles of (1) stress accumulation and fluid pressure build-up and (2) seismic rupture and stress/fluid pressure release. The models are available under different geological environments (stress conditions), and the vein structures and textures representing the mechanisms have similarities and differences. The suction pump and fault valve models must help better to interpret the origins of hydrothermal gold deposits in Korea and improve the efficiency of further exploration.

열수 금광상은 단층대 내에서 일어나는 열수 유체의 폭발적 흐름의 증거이며, 그로 인해 만들어지는 맥의 구조 및 조직은 열수유체 재분배 기작을 반영한다. 본 리뷰 논문에서는 열수 금광상의 형성을 야기하는 지각 내 유체 순환의 기작으로서 석션 펌프와 단층 밸브 모델을 소개하고 단층역학적인 측면에서 검토한다. 석션 펌프와 단층 밸브 모델은 (1) 지구조 응력의 누적과 유체압의 증가, (2) 지진성 단층파열에 따른 지구조 응력의 해소와 유체압의 감소가 주기적으로 발생됨에 따라 단층을 통해 불균질하게 발생하는 유체의 이동 및 맥의 형성 기작이다. 두 기작들이 작동하는 지질학적 환경과 응력 조건은 서로 상이하며, 결과적으로 형성된 맥의 구조 및 조직적 특성은 서로 공통점과 차이점을 가진다. 석션 펌프와 단층 밸브 모델은 향후 한국의 열수 금광상의 구조적 성인을 정교하게 해석하고 추가적인 탐사의 효율성을 제고하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 한국연구재단 신진연구지원사업(2018R1C1B6003851)에 의해 지원되었으며, 더불어 2021년도 정부(산업통상자원부)의 재원으로 해외자원개발협회의 지원을 받아 수행되었다(데어터사이언스 기반 석유·가스 탐사 컨소시엄). 논문의 질적 향상을 위해 유익한 조언을 주신 두 익명의 심사위원께 감사를 표한다.

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