DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Mediating Effects of Health Concern and Depression in the Relation between Self-quarantined People's COVID-19 Stress and Fatigue

자가격리자의 코로나19 스트레스와 피로의 관계에서 건강염려와 우울의 매개효과

  • Received : 2021.10.17
  • Accepted : 2022.02.11
  • Published : 2022.03.31

Abstract

Purpose: This study was to investigate the mediating effects of health concern and depression on the stress and fatigue of COVID-19 self-quarantine. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 227 people with COVID-19 self-quarantine experience were recruited during May 2021. Participants were invited to complete self-reported questionnaires that measure stress, health concern, depression, fatigue and demographic information. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression and dual mediation model applying the PROCESS macro with 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval. Results: This study analyzed the direct effects of COVID-19 stress on the health concern, depression and fatigue. And COVID-19 stress had indirect effects on their fatigue via health concern and depression. Both health concern and depression had dual mediating effects in the influence of COVID-19 stress on fatigue. In the relationship between COVID-19 stress and fatigue, the mediating effect of depression was significant. Conclusion: Fatigue due to prolonged COVID-19 can be alleviated by managing stress and mediating health concern and depression, and so therefore active nursing intervention is required.

Keywords

References

  1. Alizon S, Haim-Boukobza S, Foulongne V, Verdurme L, Trombert-Paolantoni S, Lecorche E, et al. Rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in some French regions, June 2021. Eurosurveillance. 2021;26(28):2100573. https;//doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.28.2100573
  2. Shah SMA, Mohammad D, Qureshi MFH, Abbas MZ, Aleem S. Prevalence, psychological responses and associated correlates of depression, anxiety and stress in a global population, during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Community Mental Health Journal. 2021;57(1):101-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00728-y
  3. Mohammed AA, Uddin MS, Saidi AM. COVID-19 and movement control order: Stress and coping strategies of students observing self-quarantine. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 2020;10:788-802. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i5/7249
  4. Mandal S, Barnett J, Brill SE, Brown JS, Denneny EK, Hare SS, et al. 'Long-COVID': A cross-sectional study of persisting symptoms, biomarker and imaging abnormalities following hospitalization for COVID-19. Thorax. 2021;76:396-398. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215818
  5. Rudroff T, Fietsam AC, Deters JR, Bryant AD, Kamholz J. Post-COVID-19 fatigue: Potential contributing factors. Brain Sciences. 2020;10(12):1012. https;//doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10121012
  6. Lee SH, Shin H-S, Park HY, Kim JL, Lee JJ, Lee H, et al. Depression as a mediator of chronic fatigue and post-traumatic stress symptoms in Middle East respiratory syndrome survivors. Psychiatry Investigation. 2019;16(1):59-64. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2018.10.22.3
  7. Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Gu X, et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: A cohort study. The Lancet. 2021;397(10270):220-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32656-8
  8. Pierce M, Hope H, Ford T, Hatch S, Hotopf M, John A, et al. Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(10):883-892. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30308-4
  9. Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M, et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health. 2020;16(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w
  10. Korea Health Promotion and Development Institute. 40.7% of the people "experienced depression and anxiety due to COVID-19!" [Internet] 2020.[cited 2021 October 16] Available from: https://www.khealth.or.kr/board/view?pageNum=6&rowCnt=10&no1=553&linkId=1001456&menuId=MENU00907&schType=0&schText=&boardStyle=&categoryId=&continent=&country=&contents1=
  11. Bhuiyan AKM, Sakib N, Pakpour AH, Griffiths MD, Mamun MA. COVID-19-related suicides in Bangladesh due to lockdown and economic factors: Case study evidence from media reports. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction. 2020;19(6):2110-2115. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11469-020-00307-y https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11469-020-00307-y
  12. Bae JY, Lee E-K, Kim B-J, Lee EJ. The influencing factors of burnout in nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic disaster. Korean Journal of Stress Research. 2021;29(2):80-86. https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2021.29.2.80
  13. Park JW, Lee HM, Han DS. The influence that exposure to news on crisis situations, perception of danger, and health anxiety have on information pursuit and word-of-mouth intentions: Focused on the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Speech and Communication. 2015:27;165-201.
  14. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The lancet. 2020;395(10227):912-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8
  15. Han JY. The relationship between perceptual Corona stress and mental well-being: the moderated mediation effect of anxiety through health care awareness and resilience [master's thesis]. [Ohsan]: Hanshin University Graduate School of Psychoanalysis, 2021.
  16. Olatunji BO, Deacon BJ, Abramowitz JS. Is hypochondriasis an anxiety disorder? The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;194 (6):481-482. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.061085
  17. Song JI, Park MS, Ahn EM, Kim KW, Gwak HK, Yoo SH. Factors associated with self-reported fatigue: From Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001. Korean Journal of Family Medicine. 2007;28(11):835-844.
  18. Teng Z, Wei Z, Qiu Y, Tan Y, Chen J, Tang H, et al. Psychological status and fatigue of frontline staff two months after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in China: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;275:247-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.032
  19. Yeom JH, Shin YS. Influence of social support and illness perception on depression among hospitalized older adults prior to discharge from an acute care hospital. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing. 2017;29(3):246-255. https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2017.29.3.246
  20. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 1983;24 (4):385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
  21. Yi IH. Factor Structure of the Illness Attitudes Scale (IAS) in a Korean College Sample. Korean Journal of Health Psychology. 2004;9(1):203-216.
  22. An J, Seo E, Lim K, Shin J, Kim J. Standardization of the Korean version of screening tool for depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9). Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Therapies in Psychiatry. 2013;19(1):47-56.
  23. Shin HC. Overview of chronic fatigue syndrome for primary care physicians. Korean Journal of Family Medicine. 2001;22 (12):1717-1742.
  24. Trougakos JP, Chawla N, McCarthy JM. Working in a pandemic: Exploring the impact of COVID-19 health anxiety on work, family, and health outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2020;105(11):1234-1245. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000739
  25. Morgul E, Bener A, Atak M, Akyel S, Aktas S, Bhugra D, et al. COVID-19 pandemic and psychological fatigue in Turkey. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2021;67(2):128-135. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020941889
  26. Kang E, Lee SY, Kim MS, Jung H, Kim KH, Kim K-N, et al. The psychological burden of COVID-19 stigma: Evaluation of the mental health of isolated mild condition COVID-19 patients. Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2021;36(3):e33. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e33
  27. Horney JA, Karaye IM, Abuabara A, Gearhart S, Grabich S, Perez-Patron M. The impact of natural disasters on suicide in the United States, 2003-2015. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. 2021;42(5):328-334. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000723
  28. Jones NM, Thompson RR, Schetter CD, Silver RC. Distress and rumor exposure on social media during a campus lockdown. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017;114 (44):11663-11668. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708518114
  29. Kibbey MM, Fedorenko EJ, Farris SG. Anxiety, depression, and health anxiety in undergraduate students living in initial US outbreak "hotspot" during COVID-19 pandemic. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2021;50(5):409-421. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2020.1853805
  30. Stuart J, O'Donnell K, O'Donnell A, Scott R, Barber B. Online social connection as a buffer of health anxiety and isolation during COVID-19. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2021;24(8):521-525. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0645