Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Analysis of Operation Structure and Contribution of Civilian Expert Program for Landscape Architects focusing on Local Governments

지방자치단체의 조경분야 민간전문가 제도 운영현황 및 문제점 분석

  • 박정은 ((주)해안종합건축사사무소) ;
  • 김영민 (서울시립대학교 조경학과)
  • Received : 2022.01.14
  • Accepted : 2022.02.14
  • Published : 2022.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This research analyzed the status and problems of civilian expert programs for landscape architects to suggest alternatives to improve the current system. Literature research focused on the issues of the legal definition of civilian experts, the background of the program, and related regulations. Based on the understanding of the legal system, the research analyzed the operation status, structure, roles of the civilian expert program of local governments where landscape architects were delegated as civilian experts. Currently, 50 local governments are running the civilian expert program, and landscape architects are working as civilian experts in 11 institutions. The majority of landscape architects are working as MA or general architects. Only SMG runs an independent general landscape architect program. Based on the literature research and interviews with 16 experts, the research examined four main issues related to the program. First, the legal system issues of the civilian expert programs are related to the regulations assuming architects as experts. Revising the current legal system is a better alternative than promulgating a new law for landscape architects. Second, the compensation issue was a main problem related to operation. Securing a sufficient budget and more effective administration is required to solve the problem. Third, related to the role, the tasks being limited to consultation were regarded as the main problem. Although landscape architects wanted more opportunities to directly participate in the project's design, the fairness of the public project contracting system needed to be considered. Fourth, the competence issue is related to the number of available landscape architects. This issue can be solved by expanding the pool of civilian experts to adjacent disciplines, such as public design or landscape management.

본 연구는 조경 분야 민간전문가 참여 제도의 운영현황과 문제점을 분석하고 향후 공공사업에서 조경 분야 민간전문가 제도의 바람직한 운영을 위한 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 이를 위해 민간전문가의 법적 정의, 제도의 성립과정, 관련 법률과 제도를 파악하고 조경전문가가가 민간전문가로 활동하고 있는 지자체를 대상으로 운영현황, 운영체계, 업무 및 역할 등을 분석하였다. 현재 민간전문가 제도를 운영하는 지자체는 50개로 파악이 되었으며 이 중 조경전문가가 민간전문가로 활동하는 지자체는 12개로 파악되었다. 대부분의 조경전문가는 총괄건축가나 공공건축가로서 활동하고 있었으며 서울시의 경우에는 공공조경가 제도를 별도로 운영하고 있었다. 제도의 분석과 16인의 전문가 심층인터뷰를 통해 다음의 문제점과 조경 분야 민간전문가 제도의 활성화를 위한 시사점을 찾을 수 있었다. 첫째, 법적 제도와 위상의 문제는 건축 분야 중심의 제도 체계가 원인으로 파악되었다. 현실적으로 독립적인 법률을 제정하기보다 조례를 제정하거나 현재의 제도적 틀 내에서의 보완이 바람직한 것으로 파악되었다. 둘째, 운영체계는 보수체계가 가장 중요한 문제의 원인이었다. 이를 위해 적절한 규모의 예산 확보와 담당부서의 운영 체계 정비가 필요하다. 셋째, 역할과 업무의 문제는 자문에 한정된 제한적 역할이 문제로 중요한 문제로 파악되었다. 조경전문가에 직접 설계에 참여할 기회가 주어지는 방향이 바람직하였으나 공정성의 문제를 고려한 제도 개선이 필요하다. 넷째, 전문가 역량과 관련해서 자격이 있는 조경전문가의 부족 문제와 지역 편중 문제가 있었다. 이는 경관, 공공디자인의 분야와 협력적인 민간전문가제도를 운영하는 방식을 대안으로 고려할 수 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 2021년도 과학기술정보통신부의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(No. 2021R1F1A1059236).

References

  1. AURI(2021) The Era of Local: Going to Fishing Village. 42, Achitecture City Space.
  2. Cho, S. and Y. Kim(2007) A study on the legislation of master architect technique for integrated development in the residential and housing site. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design 23(1): 205-212.
  3. Cho, J.(2013) Achievements and experiments of yongju public architect system. Architecture & Urban Space 11: 81-88.
  4. Kim, W. and J. Kim(2005) A study on the application effects & characteristics of MA(Master Architect) design method by developing agency. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design 21(4): 27-34.
  5. Kim, Y. and C. Lee(2005) A study on the master architect method on site planning and design based. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design 21(2): 155-162.
  6. MOLIT(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport)(2013) Manual for Supporting City Architect Participation and Activation, MOLIT.
  7. MOLIT(2017) Guideline of Managing and Operating City Architect Project, MOLIT.
  8. MOLIT(2018) Act on the Promotion of Building Service Industry, Act No.15994, 2018.12.18.
  9. MOLIT(2019a) Operation Guideline for City Architect System, MOLIT.
  10. MOLIT(2019b) Enforcement Decree of the Act on the Promotion of Smart City Development and Industry, Act No. 29516, 2019.2.8.
  11. MOLIT(2019c) Standard Manual of Architecture Design of Public Sector, MOLIT.
  12. MOLIT(2020) Special Act on the Promotion of Urban Renewal, Act No. 17689, 2020. 12. 22.
  13. MOLIT(2021a) Framework Act on Building, Act No.8339, 2021.7.27.
  14. MOLIT(2021b) Enforcement Decree of Framework Act on Building, Act No.32170, 2021.11.30.
  15. Park, I.(2007) A Study on the Participation of Civic Experts in the Public Urban and Building Process, Architectural Institute of Korea.
  16. Seo, S.(2003) Achievements and Cases of Domestic MA Design System, AURI Report.
  17. Seo, S. and Y. Cho(2003) Improvement Strategies of the Master Architect Design System, AURI Report.
  18. Sim, K., H. Lee and M. Kim(2020a) Analysis and Implications of the Operation Status of the Civic Expert System in the Architecture and Urban Fields, AURI Brief.
  19. Sim, K., H. Lee, and M. Kim(2020b) Improvement of City Architect System in South Korea, AURI Report.
  20. SMG(Seoul Metropolitan Government) (2016) New Experiment of Public Architecture, Projects of SMG General Architects, 2012-2015, SMG.
  21. SMG(2017) Community Changed by Public Architecture, Projects of SMG General Architects, 2015-2016, SMG.
  22. SMG(2020) Seoul Metropolitan Government Framework Ordinance on Building, Act No. 7588 2020.5.19.
  23. Suwon(2020) Suwon Ordinance on Urban Design Activation and Operation, Act No. 4016, 2020.3.13.