Korean journal of applied entomology (한국응용곤충학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Entomology (한국응용곤충학회)
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Morphometric Characterization of Newly Defined Subspecies Apis cerana koreana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Republic of Korea

국내 토종벌(Apis cerana koreana) 아종의 형태적 특성 분석

  • Olga, Frunze (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Jung-Eun, Kim (Jeonnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Insect & Sericultural Research Institute) ;
  • Dongwon, Kim (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Eun-Jin, Kang (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Kyungmun, Kim (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Bo-Sun, Park (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Yong-Soo, Choi (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science)
  • 올가프런제 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업생물부 양봉생태과) ;
  • 김정은 (전라남도농업기술원 곤충잠업연구소) ;
  • 김동원 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업생물부 양봉생태과) ;
  • 강은진 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업생물부 양봉생태과) ;
  • 김경문 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업생물부 양봉생태과) ;
  • 박보선 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업생물부 양봉생태과) ;
  • 최용수 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업생물부 양봉생태과)
  • Received : 2022.03.14
  • Accepted : 2022.06.06
  • Published : 2022.09.01
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Abstract

There has been much debate on the morphometric divergence between the recently identified Apis cerana koreana and Apis cerana honey bees. The aim of this study was to obtain phenotypic information that can be used to compare A. c. koreana data with other A. cerana subspecies data from open resources and determine breeding results on the basis of morphometric traits. To differentiate A. c. koreana, we investigated 22 classic morphological characteristics; royal jelly secretion; and the weight of workers, queens, and drones of A. c. koreana bred in Korea. To define the selection results, we used the geometric morphometric method. The artificially selected A. c. koreana secreted significantly more royal jelly (1.18 times) than the naturally selected A. c. koreana, which positively influenced the health of the colonies. These honey bees were identified more clearly with the geometric morphometric method than with the classic morphometric method, which is traditionally used to determine the subspecies. Large trends were noted for A. c. koreana on the basis of our results and literature from the 1980s regarding A. cerana sizes in Korea (tarsal index, length of forewing, and cubital index were measured). The cluster analysis revealed the proximity of A. c. koreana, A. cerana in China, and A. c. indica on the basis of eight classic characters, which, perhaps, relay the origin of the honey bees. The results of this study defined the morphometric responses of A. c. koreana honey bees to geographic isolation, climate change, and selection, which are important to identify, protect, and preserve honey bee stock in Korea.

새롭게 육성된 낭충봉아부패병 저항성 신품종 토종벌(Apis cerana koreana) 과 기존 농가에서 관행적으로 사육되는 토종벌 사이의 형태학적 차이를 육안으로 확연하게 구분하는 것은 어렵지만 본 연구에서는 신품종 토종벌(A. c. koreana) 을 기존 토종벌(A. c. koreana) 품종 및 계통 간 형태학적 비교를 통해 신품종 만의 특성을 결정할 수 있는 표현형 정보를 제공하였다. 신품종 토종벌(A. c. koreana)의 외부형질을 이용한 품종 특성은 22가지의 형태학적 특성을 기하학적, 형태학적 분석 방법을 적용하고 토종벌(A. c. koreana)의 로얄젤리 생산량, 일벌, 여왕벌, 수벌의 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과, 신품종 토종벌(A. c. koreana)은 기존 토종벌과 앞날개의 길이에 차이를 보였으며, 중국의 동양종꿀벌(A. cerana)과 비교한 결과, 일벌은 몸무게, 혀의 길이, 앞날개의 길이 등의 값이 높았다. 또한, 신품종 토종벌(A. c. koreana)은 A. cerana indica 보다 두 가지 부위에서 형태학적인 차이를 보였다. 그리고 신품종 토종벌(A. c. koreana)은 로얄젤리를 다른 품종과 비교하여 많이 분비하여 봉군의 발육에 긍정적인 영향을 끼쳤다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 신규 육성 토종벌(A. cerana)에 대한 형태학적 분석 방법을 이용하여 품종을 분류하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We wish to thank Dr. Sovetgul Asekova, Dr. Ural Yunusbaev and Karla Cristina Valdovinos for valuable discussions. We are grateful to colleagues from the laboratory for providing collection samples. This research was funded by the Research project of Basic Technologies in Agricultural Science (No. PJ01418002), which was funded by the Rural Development Administration.

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