Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy (한국수소및신에너지학회논문집)

The Korean Hydrogen and New Energy Society (한국수소및신에너지학회)
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Horizontal-Axis Screw Turbine as a Micro Hydropower Energy Source: A Design Feasibility Study

마이크로 수력 에너지원의 수평축 스크류 터빈 : 설계 타당성 연구

  • SHAMSUDDEEN, MOHAMED MURSHID (Convergence Manufacturing System Engineering (Green Process and Energy System Engineering), University of Science and Technology (UST)) ;
  • KIM, SEUNG-JUN (Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology) ;
  • MA, SANG-BUM (Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology) ;
  • KIM, JIN-HYUK (Convergence Manufacturing System Engineering (Green Process and Energy System Engineering), University of Science and Technology (UST))
  • 삼수딘 모하메드 무르시드 (과학기술연합대학원대학교 융합제조시스템공학(청정공정.에너지시스템공학)전공) ;
  • 김승준 (한국생산기술연구원 탄소중립산업기술연구부문) ;
  • 마상범 (한국생산기술연구원 탄소중립산업기술연구부문) ;
  • 김진혁 (과학기술연합대학원대학교 융합제조시스템공학(청정공정.에너지시스템공학)전공)
  • Received : 2021.12.05
  • Accepted : 2022.01.11
  • Published : 2022.02.28
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Abstract

Micro hydropower is a readily available renewable energy source that can be harvested utilizing hydrokinetic turbines from shallow water canals, irrigation and industrial channel flows, and run-off river stream flows. These sources generally have low head (<1 m) and low velocity which makes it difficult to harvest energy using conventional turbines. A horizontal-axis screw turbine was designed and numerically tested to extract power from such low-head water sources. The 3-bladed screw-type turbine is placed horizontally perpendicular to the incoming flow, partially submerged in a narrow water channel at no-head condition. The turbine hydraulic performances were studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics models. Turbine design parameters such as the shroud diameter, the hub-to-shroud ratios, and the submerged depths were obtained through a steady-state parametric study. The resulting turbine configuration was then tested by solving the unsteady multiphase free-surface equations mimicking an actual open channel flow scenario. The turbine performance in the shallow channel were studied for various Tip Speed Ratios (TSR). The highest power coefficient was obtained at a TSR of 0.3. The turbine was then scaled-up to test its performance on a real site condition at a head of 0.3 m. The highest power coefficient obtained was 0.18. Several losses were observed in the 3-bladed turbine design and to minimize losses, the number of blades were increased to five. The power coefficient improved by 236% for a 5-bladed screw turbine. The fluid losses were minimized by increasing the blade surface area submerged in water. The turbine performance was increased by 74.4% after dipping the turbine to a bottom wall clearance of 30 cm from 60 cm. The final output of the novel horizontal-axis screw turbine showed a 2.83 kW power output at a power coefficient of 0.63. The turbine is expected to produce 18,744 kWh/year of electricity. The design feasibility test of the turbine showed promising results to harvest energy from small hydropower sources.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government (MOTIE) (20217410100010, Development on the Unused Energy Utilization Technology for Medium and Large CHP Cooling Tower).

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