DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Failure Diagnosis Technology Trends and Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Aircraft Application

항공기용 영구자석 동기전동기 고장진단의 기술 동향 및 분석

  • Minwoo, Kim (Department of Smart Air Mobility, Korea Aerospace University) ;
  • Sangho, Ko (Department of Smart Air Mobility, Korea Aerospace University)
  • 김민우 (한국항공대학교 스마트항공모빌리티학과) ;
  • 고상호 (한국항공대학교 스마트항공모빌리티학과)
  • Received : 2022.12.07
  • Accepted : 2022.12.12
  • Published : 2022.12.31

Abstract

Recently, the technology of aircraft drivers has been transitioning from the existing hydraulically-focused mechanical system to an all-electric one due to the high precision and ease of maintenance of electric drivers. Consequently, the failure of an aircraft's electric motor can have fatal consequences. To ensure aircraft safety, efficient and timely fault diagnosis methods are required prompting the active pursuit of research into fault diagnosis technology. This paper introduces and analyses the failure types and failure diagnosis technology trends of permanent magnet synchronous motors among electric motors.

최근 항공기용 구동기는 전기식 구동기의 높은 정밀도 및 유지관리의 용이성 등으로 인해 기존 유압 중심의 기계시스템에서 전기구동 중심(More/All Electric)으로 기술이 변화하고 있다. 따라서 항공기의 전기 전동기 고장은 치명적인 결함을 넘어 인명피해로도 이어질 수 있다. 전기 전동기의 고장진단은 항공기의 안전성을 보장하는데 필수적인 요소이다. 이에 따라 효율적이고 적절한 고장진단이 요구되며 이러한 고장진단 기술 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 전기 전동기 중 영구자석 동기전동기의 고장 유형과 고장진단 기술 동향에 대해 소개하고 분석한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 2022년도 산업통상자원부 및 산업기술평가관리원(KEIT) 연구비 지원에 의한 연구임(20015920).

References

  1. G. Qiao, G. Liu, Z. Shi, Y. Wang, S. Ma and T. C. Lim, "A review of electromechanical actuators for More/All Electric aircraft systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, pp. 4128-4151, 2018.
  2. S. S. Kim, H. J. Park, D. Kim, D. H. Kim, S. B. Kim J. Lee and J. Y. Choi, "Research to Predict the Thermal Characteristics of Electro Hydrostatic Actuator for Aircraft." Journal of Aerospace System Engineering, vol. 16, no. 3, pp 84-92, 2022. https://doi.org/10.20910/JASE.2022.16.3.84
  3. Z. Yin, N. Hu, J. Chen, Y. Yang and G. Shen, "A review of fault diagnosis, prognosis and health management for aircraft electromechanical actuators." IET Electric Power Applications, pp. 1249-1272, 2022.
  4. J. Zheng, Z. Wang, D. Wang, Y. Li and M. Li. "Review of fault diagnosis of PMSM drive system in electric vehicles." 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, pp. 7426-7432, July 2017.
  5. P. Giangrande, V. Madonna, G. Sala, A. Kladas, C. Gerada and M. Galea, "Design and testing of PMSM for aerospace EMA applications." IECON 2018-44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, pp. 2038-2043, 2018.
  6. Y. E. Zhongming and W. U. Bin, "A review on induction motor online fault diagnosis." Third International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference. IEEE, pp. 1353-1358, August 2000.
  7. J. A. Rosero, J. Cusido, A. Garcia, J. A. Ortega and L. Romeral, "Broken bearings and eccentricity fault detection for a permanent magnet synchronous motor. " In IECON 2006-32nd Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics, pp. 964-969, November 2006.
  8. J. Tian, C. Morillo, M. H. Azarian and M. Pecht, "Motor bearing fault detection using spectral kurtosis-based feature extraction coupled with K-nearest neighbor distance analysis." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 1793-1803, 2015.
  9. S. Nandi, H. A. Toliyat and S. Li, "Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of electrical motors-A review." IEEE transactions on energy conversion, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 719-729, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2005.847955
  10. F. Lin, S. Zuo and W. Deng, "Impact of rotor eccentricity on electromagnetic vibration and noise of permanent magnet synchronous motor." Journal of Vibroengineering, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 923-935, 2018. https://doi.org/10.21595/jve.2017.18436
  11. K. Saad and G. Mirzaeva, "Space-time representation of the main air gap flux of a three phase squirrel cage induction motor and its application to detect eccentricity." In 2015 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference IEEE, pp. 1466-1472, May 2015.
  12. D. G. Dorrell, W. T. Thomson and S. Roach, "Analysis of airgap flux, current, and vibration 5s as a function of the combination of static and dynamic airgap eccentricity in 3-phase induction motors." IEEE Transactions on Industry applications, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 24-34, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1109/28.567073
  13. Y. Chen, S. Liang, W. Li, H. Liang and C. Wang, "Faults and diagnosis methods of permanent magnet synchronous motors: A review." Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 2116, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102116
  14. X. Liu, W. Miao, Q. Xu, L. Cao, C. Liu and P. W. Pong, "Inter-turn short-circuit fault detection approach for permanent magnet synchronous machines through stray magnetic field sensing." IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 19, no. 18, pp. 7884-7895, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2019.2918018
  15. K. H. Kim, "Simple online fault detecting scheme for short-circuited turn in a PMSM through current harmonic monitoring." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 2565-2568, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2010.2060463
  16. U. M. Choi, J. S. Lee, F. Blaabjerg and B. K. Lee, "Open-circuit fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control for a grid-connected NPC inverter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 31, no. 10, pp.7234-7247, 2015.
  17. M. Sahraoui, A. Ghoggal, S. E. Zouzou, A. Aboubou and H. Razik, "Modelling and detection of inter-turn short circuits in stator windings of induction motor." In IECON 2006-32nd Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics, pp. 4981-4986, November 2006.
  18. T. Ishikawa, Y. Seki and N. Kurita, "Analysis for fault detection of vector-controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor with permanent magnet defect." IEEE transactions on magnetics, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 2331-2334, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2013.2243135
  19. M. Zhu, W. Hu and N. C. Kar, "Torque-ripple -based interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine rotor demagnetization fault detection and current regulation." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 2795-2804, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2016.2634518
  20. R. E. Quintal-Palomo, "Analysis of Current Signals in a Partially Demagnetized Vector Controlled Interior Permanent Magnet Generator." Power Electronics and Drives, vol. 4, no. 39, pp. 179-190, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2478/pead-2019-0012
  21. C. Wu, C. Guo, Z. Xie, F. Ni and H. Liu, "A signal-based fault detection and tolerance control method of current sensor for PMSM drive." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 9646-9657, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2018.2813991
  22. S. P. Mogal and D. I. Lalwani, "A brief review on fault diagnosis of rotating machineries." Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 541, no. 2, pp. 635-640, 2014.
  23. J. Rosero, J. Cusido, A. Garcia, L. Romeral and J. A. Ortega, "Detection of stator short circuits in PMSM by mean of joint time-frequency analysis." In 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives, pp. 420-425, September 2007.
  24. T. Goktas, M. Zafarani and B. Akin, "Discernment of broken magnet and static eccentricity faults in permanent magnet synchronous motors." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 578-587, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2015.2512602
  25. J. Rosero, L. Romeral, E. Rosero and J. Urresty, "Fault Detection in dynamic conditions by means of Discrete Wavelet Decomposition for PMSM running under Bearing Damage." In 2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp. 951-956, February 2009.
  26. R. C. Sharpley and V. Vatchev, "Analysis of the intrinsic mode functions." Constructive Approximation, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 17-47, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00365-005-0603-z
  27. R. Yan and R. X. Gao, "Transient signal analysis based on Hilbert-Huang transform." In 2005 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings, vol. 2, pp. 1198-1202, May 2005.
  28. Z. Wang, J. Yang, H. Ye and W. Zhou, "A review of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor fault diagnosis." In 2014 IEEE Conference and Expo Transportation Electrification Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific), pp. 1-5, August 2014.
  29. E. A. Bhuiyan, M. Akhand, M. Azad, S. K. Das, M. F. Ali, Z. Tasneem, M. R. Islam, D. K. Saha, F. R. Badal, M. H. Ahamed and S. I. Moyeen, "A survey on fault diagnosis and fault tolerant methodologies for permanent magnet synchronous machines." International Journal of Automation and Computing, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 763-787, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11633-020-1250-3
  30. B. Vaseghi, N. Takorabet and F. Meibody-Tabar, "Fault analysis and parameter identification of permanent-magnet motors by the finite-element method." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 9, pp. 3290-3295, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022156
  31. M. A. Mazzoletti, G. R. Bossio, C. H. De Angelo and D. R. Espinoza-Trejo, "A model-based strategy for interturn short-circuit fault diagnosis in PMSM." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 7218-7228, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2017.2688973
  32. W. Huang, J. Du, W. Hua, W. Lu, K. Bi, Y. Zhu and Q. Fan, "Current-based open-circuit fault diagnosis for PMSM drives with model predictive control." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 10695-10704, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3061448
  33. M. S. Rafaq and J. W. Jung, "A comprehensive review of state-of-the-art parameter estimation techniques for permanent magnet synchronous motors in wide speed range." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 4747-4758, 2019
  34. M. Khov, J. Regnier and J. Faucher, "Detection of turn short-circuit faults in stator of PMSM by on-line parameter estimation." In 2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, pp. 161-166, June 2008.
  35. M. S. Rafaq and J. W. Jung, "A comprehensive review of state-of-the-art parameter estimation techniques for permanent magnet synchronous motors in wide speed range." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 4747-4758, 2019.
  36. B. Cai, Z. Wang, H. Zhu, Y. Liu, K. Hao, Z. Yang, Y. Ren, Q. Feng and Z. Liu, "Artificial intelligence enhanced two-stage hybrid fault prognosis methodology of PMSM." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2021.
  37. B. Cai, Y. Zhao, H. Liu and M. Xie, "A data-driven fault diagnosis methodology in three-phase inverters for PMSM drive systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 5590-5600, 2016.
  38. T. Shen, A. Kilic, C. Thulfaut and H. C. Reuss, "An Intelligent Diagnostic Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) in the Electric Drive of Autonomous Vehicles." In 2019 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'19 ECCE Europe), pp. 1-10, September 2019.
  39. L. Wen, X. Li, L. Gao and Y. Zhang, "A new convolutional neural network-based data-driven fault diagnosis method." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, no. 7, pp. 5990-5998, 2017.
  40. S. S. Moosavi, A. Djerdir, Y. Ait-Amirat and D. A. Khaburi, "ANN based fault diagnosis of permanent magnet synchronous motor under stator winding shorted turn." Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 125, pp. 67-82, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2015.03.024
  41. J. Quiroga, D. A. Cartes, C. S. Edrington and L. Liu, "Neural network based fault detection of PMSM stator winding short under load fluctuation." In 2008 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, pp. 793-798, September 2008.
  42. J. Quiroga, L. Liu and D. A. Cartes, "Fuzzy logic based fault detection of PMSM stator winding short under load fluctuation using negative sequence analysis." In 2008 American Control Conference, pp. 4262-4267, June 2008.
  43. H. S. Dakheel, Z. B. Abdulla and H. J. Jawad, "Faults detection and diagnoses of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on neuro-fuzzy network." International Journal of Applied, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 173-185, 2019.
  44. A. Bechkaoui, K. Ouamrane, A. Ameur and D. Taibi, "Detection of turn short circuit fault in PMSM variable speed based on adaptive fuzzy logic and sliding-mode control". In 2015 4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), pp. 1-6, December 2015.
  45. S. Moosakunju, V. P. Mini, S. Ushakumari, N. Mayadevi and R. Harikumar, "A hybrid fault detection and diagnosis algorithm for five-phase PMSM drive." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, pp, 1-13, 2022.