Acknowledgement
The authors thank all the staff of the REFUTV project partners: EGATEL SL, Telematica e Inovacion a Bordo SA de CV, TV UNAM and the Faculty of Engineering of the UNAM, who has been actively involved in the project. This work has been possible because of their collaboration.
References
- ATSC Doc, A/53 Part 2:2011, ATSC digital television standard - Part 2: RF/Transmission system characteristics, Advanced Television Systems Committee, Washington, DC, USA, 2011.
- M. El-Hajjar and L. Hanzo, A survey of digital television broadcast transmission techniques, IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutorials 15 (2013), 1924-1949. https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2013.030713.00220
- Disposicion Tecnica IFT-013-2016, Especificaciones y requerimientos minimos para la instalacion y operacion de estaciones de television, equipos auxiliares y equipos complementarios, Mexico, Dic, Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones, 2016.
- ATSC Doc. A/300, ATSC standard: ATSC 3.0 system, Advanced Television Systems Committee, Washington, DC, USA, 2019.
- Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones, Panorama del espectro radioelectrico en Mexico para servicios moviles de quinta generacion, Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones, Mexico, 2019.
- A. Mattsson, Single frequency networks in DTV, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 51 (2005), 413-422. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2005.858419
- ITU-R Report BT.2386-2, Digital terrestrial broadcasting: Design and implementation of single frequency networks (SFN), International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, 2019.
- Handbook on digital terrestrial television broadcasting networks and systems implementation, Ed. 2016, International Telecommunications Union - Radiocommunication Sector, Geneva, 2016.
- R. Bettancourt and J. M. Peha, Reducing spectrum use in traditional and SFN-based television for uniform and non-uniform deployments, Telecommun. Policy 41 (2017), 498-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.02.005
- W. Li et al., Using LDM to achieve seamless local service insertion and local program coverage in SFN environment, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 63 (2017), 250-259. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2016.2630302
- H.-N. Kim, Y. T. Lee, and S. Won Kim, Mathematical modeling of VSB-based digital television systems, ETRI J. 25 (2003), no. 1, 9-18. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.03.0103.0116
- Y.-T. Lee et al., ATSC terrestrial digital television broadcasting using single frequency networks, ETRI J. 26 (2004), no. 2, 92-100. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.04.0603.0014
- ATSC Doc A/111:2009. ATSC recommended practice: Design of multiple transmitters networks, Advanced Television Systems Committee, Washington, DC, USA, 2009.
- O. Bendov, Areas of cochannel interference and multipath created by 8-VSB modulated distributed transmitters in flat terrain, IEEE Trans. Broadcast 52 (2006), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2005.858420
- ATSC Doc. A/110:2011, ATSC standard for transmitter synchronization, Advanced Television Systems Committee, Washington, DC, USA, 2011.
- K. Salehian et al., On-channel repeater for digital television broadcasting service, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 48 (2002), 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2002.1021274
- K. Salehian, B. Caron, and M. Guillet, Using on-channel repeater to improve reception in DTV broadcasting service area, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 49 (2003), 309-313. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2003.817083
- K. Salehian, Y. Wu, and B. Caron, Design procedures and field test results of a distributed-translator network, and a case study for an application of distributed transmission, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 52 (2006), 281-289. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2006.879851
- Y. -W. Suh et al., Network design and field application of ATSC distributed translators, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 56 (2010), 150-159. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2010.2043899
- S. W. Kim et al., Equalization digital on-channel repeater in the single frequency networks, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 52 (2006), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2006.875651
- Y.-T. Lee et al., A design of equalization digital on-channel repeater for single frequency network ATSC system, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 53 (2007), 23-37. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2006.886453
- H. M. Kim et al., Modulation and pre-equalization method to minimize time delay in equalization digital on-channel repeater, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 54 (2008), 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2008.921371
- S. I. Park et al., Transmitter identification signal analyzer for single frequency network, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 54 (2008), 383-393. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2008.2000311
- J. Lee et al., VSB-based digital on-channel repeater with interference cancellation system, ETRI J. 33 (2011), no. 5, 670-678. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.10.0110.0539
- H. M. Kim et al., A novel distributed translator for an atsc terrestrial DTV system, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 59 (2013), 412-421. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2013.2256680
- C. Li et al., Planning large single frequency networks for DVB-T2, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 61 (2015), 376-387. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2015.2419179
- U. Meabe et al., On the coverage and cost of HPHT versus LPLT networks for rooftop, portable, and mobile broadcast services delivery, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 61 (2015), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2015.2397251
- S. I. Park et al., RF watermark backward tests for the ATSC rerrestrial DTV receivers, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 57 (2011), 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2011.2104810
- C. W. Rhodes, Some recent improvements in the design of DTV receivers for the ATSC standard, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron. 48 (2002), 938-945. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2003.1196424
- Y. Wu et al., An ATSC DTV receiver with improved robustness to multipath and distributed transmission environments, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 50 (2004), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2004.823843
- J. M. Matias, M. A. Hernandez, J. Cuellar, Resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio de receptores ATSC, Informe Final, Facultad de Ingenieria, UNAM, Mexico, 2017.
- M. A. Hernandez et al., Laboratory tests of single frequency networks with ATSC on commercial receivers, IEEE Latin Am. Trans. 16 (2018), 754-763. https://doi.org/10.1109/tla.2018.8358652
- ATSC Doc. A/74:2010, ATSC recommended practice: Receiver performance guidelines, Advanced Television Systems Committee, Washington, DC, 2010.
- ITU-R Recommendation P.1546-6, Method for point-to-area predictions for terrestrial services in the frequency range 30 MHz to 4000 MHz, International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, 2019.
- K.-M. Kang et al., Protection of incumbent services and its impact on coverage of TV band device networks in TV white space, ETRI J. 38 (2016), no.1, 112-122. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.16.0114.1303
- K.-W. Suh et al., The calculation of field strength for DTV receiver by rec. ITU-R P.1546, in Proc. IEEE Asia-Pacific Conf. on Applied Electromag. (Malaysia, Malaysia), Nov. 2010, pp. 1-4.
- FCC Oet Bulletin, no. 69, Longley-rice methodology for evaluating TV coverage and interference, Federal Communications Commission, 2004.
- M. Sun Baek et al., Improving the reception performance of legacy T-DMB/DAB receivers in a single-frequency network with delay diversity, ETRI J. 36 (2014), no.2, 188-196. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.14.2113.0045
- S. Ahn et al., Mobile performance evaluation for ATSC 3.0 physical layer modulation and code combinations under TU-6 channel, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 66 (2020), 752-769. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2019.2954065
- J. Song, Z. Yang, and J. Wang, Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting: Technology and System. Wiley-IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2015.
- Mackenzie, ABERT, and SET, General description of laboratory tests, DTV field tests report in brazil, 2000.
- K. Ryu et al., Design of an emergency wake-up alert system utilizing digital television guard band, ETRI J. 38 (2016), no.5, 799-806. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.16.2615.0039
- M. Anedda, A. Anedda, and M. Murroni, Coverage optimization for DVB-T2 SFNs using ITU-R P.1546 and ITU-R P.1812, in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Broadband Multimedia Syst. and Broadcast. (Ghent, Belgium), Jun. 2015, pp. 1-5.
- N. Moraitis et al., Radio Planning of single frequency networks for broadcasting digital TV in mixed-terrain regions, IEEE Antennas and Propag. Mag. 56 (2014), 123-141. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAP.2014.7011024
- ITU-R Recommendation BT.419-3, Directivity and polarization discrimination of antennas in the reception of the television broadcasting, International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, 1992.
- P. Orbea et al., Effect of receiving antennas radiation pattern on an SFN network coverage, in Proc. IEEE Symp. Comput. Commun. (Barcelona, Spain), Jun. 2019. pp. 1-7.
- J. A. Kutzner, D. Lung, Predicting ATSC 3.0 broadcast coverage, IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 62 (2016), 281-282. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2015.2505413