Acknowledgement
This study was financially supported by Chonnam National University (Grant number: 2018-3468).
References
- Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, Gerstein HC. Stress hyperglycaemia and increased risk of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes: a systematic overview. Lancet 2000;355:773-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)08415-9
- Urakami T, Kubota S, Nitadori Y, Harada K, Owada M, Kitagawa T. Annual incidence and clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes in children as detected by urine glucose screening in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Diabetes Care 2005;28:1876-81. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.8.1876
- Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, Colagiuri S, Guariguata L, Motala AA, Ogurtsova K, Shaw JE, Bright D, Williams RIDF Diabetes Atlas Committee. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019;157:107843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843
- Lumeng CN, Saltiel AR. Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest 2011;121:2111-7. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI57132
- Calles-Escandon J, Cipolla M. Diabetes and endothelial dysfunction: a clinical perspective. Endocr Rev 2001;22:36-52. https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.22.1.0417
- Shanmugam N, Kim YS, Lanting L, Natarajan R. Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in monocytes by ligation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products. J Biol Chem 2003;278:34834-44. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M302828200
- de Winther MP, Kanters E, Kraal G, Hofker MH. Nuclear factor kappaB signaling in atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:904-14. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000160340.72641.87
- Arkan MC, Hevener AL, Greten FR, Maeda S, Li ZW, Long JM, Wynshaw-Boris A, Poli G, Olefsky J, Karin M. IKK-beta links inflammation to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Nat Med 2005;11:191-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1185
- Yang SM, Kim SY, Lee KY, Kim YS, Nam MS, Park IB. Inflammatory markers are associated with microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. J Korean Diabetes Assoc 2007;31:472-9. https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.6.472
- Dasu MR, Ramirez S, Isseroff RR. Toll-like receptors and diabetes: a therapeutic perspective. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012;122:203-14. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20110357
- Rhee SH, Hwang D. Murine TOLL-like receptor 4 confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness as determined by activation of NF kappa B and expression of the inducible cyclooxygenase. J Biol Chem 2000;275:34035-40. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M007386200
- Liang H, Hussey SE, Sanchez-Avila A, Tantiwong P, Musi N. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on inflammation and insulin action in human muscle. PLoS One 2013;8:e63983. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063983
- Park BS, Lee JO. Recognition of lipopolysaccharide pattern by TLR4 complexes. Exp Mol Med 2013;45:e66-66. https://doi.org/10.1038/emm.2013.97
- Kany S, Vollrath JT, Relja B. Cytokines in inflammatory disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20:20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010020
- Haigis MC, Sinclair DA. Mammalian sirtuins: biological insights and disease relevance. Annu Rev Pathol 2010;5:253-95. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092250
- Bosch-Presegue L, Vaquero A. The dual role of sirtuins in cancer. Genes Cancer 2011;2:648-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1947601911417862
- Ma Y, Chen H, He X, Nie H, Hong Y, Sheng C, Wang Q, Xia W, Ying W. NAD+ metabolism and NAD(+)-dependent enzymes: promising therapeutic targets for neurological diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2012;13:222-9. https://doi.org/10.2174/138945012799201711
- Roth M, Chen WY. Sorting out functions of sirtuins in cancer. Oncogene 2014;33:1609-20. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2013.120
- Frye RA. Characterization of five human cDNAs with homology to the yeast SIR2 gene: Sir2-like proteins (sirtuins) metabolize NAD and may have protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999;260:273-9. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.0897
- Michishita E, Park JY, Burneskis JM, Barrett JC, Horikawa I. Evolutionarily conserved and nonconserved cellular localizations and functions of human SIRT proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2005;16:4623-35. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-01-0033
- Wang CH, Wei YH. Roles of mitochondrial sirtuins in mitochondrial function, redox homeostasis, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:5266. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155266
- Kawahara TL, Michishita E, Adler AS, Damian M, Berber E, Lin M, McCord RA, Ongaigui KC, Boxer LD, Chang HY, Chua KF. SIRT6 links histone H3 lysine 9 deacetylation to NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression and organismal life span. Cell 2009;136:62-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.052
- Parhiz H, Roohbakhsh A, Soltani F, Rezaee R, Iranshahi M. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the citrus flavonoids hesperidin and hesperetin: an updated review of their molecular mechanisms and experimental models. Phytother Res 2015;29:323-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5256
- Aranganathan S, Nalini N. Efficacy of the potential chemopreventive agent, hesperetin (citrus flavanone), on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47:2594-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.019
- Morin B, Nichols LA, Zalasky KM, Davis JW, Manthey JA, Holland LJ. The citrus flavonoids hesperetin and nobiletin differentially regulate low density lipoprotein receptor gene transcription in HepG2 liver cells. J Nutr 2008;138:1274-81. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/138.7.1274
- Kumar B, Gupta SK, Srinivasan BP, Nag TC, Srivastava S, Saxena R, Jha KA. Hesperetin rescues retinal oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis in diabetic rats. Microvasc Res 2013;87:65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2013.01.002
- Jialal I, Kaur H. The role of toll-like receptors in diabetes-induced inflammation: implications for vascular complications. Curr Diab Rep 2012;12:172-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-012-0258-7
- Amaral S, Oliveira PJ, Ramalho-Santos J. Diabetes and the impairment of reproductive function: possible role of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species. Curr Diabetes Rev 2008;4:46-54. https://doi.org/10.2174/157339908783502398
- Nishikawa T, Araki E. Investigation of a novel mechanism of diabetic complications: impacts of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Rinsho Byori 2008;56:712-9.
- Jain SK, Kannan K, Lim G, Matthews-Greer J, McVie R, Bocchini JA Jr. Elevated blood interleukin-6 levels in hyperketonemic type 1 diabetic patients and secretion by acetoacetate-treated cultured U937 monocytes. Diabetes Care 2003;26:2139-43. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.7.2139
- Jain SK, Kannan K, Lim G, McVie R, Bocchini JA Jr. Hyperketonemia increases tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion in cultured U937 monocytes and Type 1 diabetic patients and is apparently mediated by oxidative stress and cAMP deficiency. Diabetes 2002;51:2287-93. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2287
- Kern PA, Ranganathan S, Li C, Wood L, Ranganathan G. Adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 expression in human obesity and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001;280:E745-51. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.5.E745
- Yun JM, Jialal I, Devaraj S. Epigenetic regulation of high glucose-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in monocytes by curcumin. J Nutr Biochem 2011;22:450-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.03.014
- Matulewicz N, Karczewska-Kupczewska M. Insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2016;70:1245-58.
- Wu H, Ballantyne CM. Metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Circ Res 2020;126:1549-64. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.315896
- Hossain M, Faruque MO, Kabir G, Hassan N, Sikdar D, Nahar Q, Ali L. Association of serum TNF-α and IL-6 with insulin secretion and insulin resistance in IFG and IGT subjects in a Bangladeshi population. Int J Diabetes Mellit 2010;2:165-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdm.2010.08.004
- Schmidt MI, Duncan BB, Sharrett AR, Lindberg G, Savage PJ, Offenbacher S, Azambuja MI, Tracy RP, Heiss G. Markers of inflammation and prediction of diabetes mellitus in adults (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study): a cohort study. Lancet 1999;353:1649-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01046-6
- Xie C, Kang J, Ferguson ME, Nagarajan S, Badger TM, Wu X. Blueberries reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 production in mouse macrophages by inhibiting NF-κB activation and the MAPK pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011;55:1587-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201100344
- Guha M, Bai W, Nadler JL, Natarajan R. Molecular mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression in monocytic cells via hyperglycemia-induced oxidant stress-dependent and -independent pathways. J Biol Chem 2000;275:17728-39. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.23.17728
- Choi RY, Ham JR, Lee MK. Esculetin prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver in diabetic mice fed high-fat diet. Chem Biol Interact 2016;260:13-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.013
- Lee H, Yang SJ. In vitro and in vivo effects of piceatannol and resveratrol on glucose control and TLR4-NF-κB pathway. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2017;46:267-72. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2017.46.2.267
- Youn HS, Lee JY, Fitzgerald KA, Young HA, Akira S, Hwang DH. Specific inhibition of MyD88-independent signaling pathways of TLR3 and TLR4 by resveratrol: molecular targets are TBK1 and RIP1 in TRIF complex. J Immunol 2005;175:3339-46. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.3339
- Ghanim H, Sia CL, Upadhyay M, Korzeniewski K, Viswanathan P, Abuaysheh S, Mohanty P, Dandona P. Orange juice neutralizes the proinflammatory effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal and prevents endotoxin increase and Toll-like receptor expression. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:940-9. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.28584
- Hua KF, Wang SH, Dong WC, Lin CY, Ho CL, Wu TH. High glucose increases nitric oxide generation in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages by enhancing activity of protein kinase C-α/δ and NF-κB. Inflamm Res 2012;61:1107-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-012-0503-1
- Yang F, de Villiers WJ, McClain CJ, Varilek GW. Green tea polyphenols block endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor-production and lethality in a murine model. J Nutr 1998;128:2334-40. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/128.12.2334
- Tsai SH, Lin-Shiau SY, Lin JK. Suppression of nitric oxide synthase and the down-regulation of the activation of NFkappaB in macrophages by resveratrol. Br J Pharmacol 1999;126:673-80. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0702357
- Chan MM, Mattiacci JA, Hwang HS, Shah A, Fong D. Synergy between ethanol and grape polyphenols, quercetin, and resveratrol, in the inhibition of the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2000;60:1539-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(00)00471-8
- Huynh FK, Hershberger KA, Hirschey MD. Targeting sirtuins for the treatment of diabetes. Diabetes Manag (Lond) 2013;3:245-57. https://doi.org/10.2217/dmt.13.6
- Elliott P, Walpole S, Morelli L, Lambert P, Lunsmann W, Westphal C, Lavu S. Resveratrol/SRT-501. Drugs Fut 2009;34:291-5. https://doi.org/10.1358/dof.2009.034.04.1360696