Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea (대한건축학회논문집)

Architectural Institute of Korea (대한건축학회)
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The Progress of Mount Geumgang National Park Preparation Plan and Its Significance during the 1930s

1930년대 금강산 국립공원 추진 계획의 경과와 의미

  • 성나연 (서울대학교 공과대학 건축학과 대학원) ;
  • 전봉희 (서울대학교 공과대학 건축학과)
  • Received : 2021.01.21
  • Accepted : 2021.08.09
  • Published : 2021.08.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine how the Mount Geumgang National Park Preparation Plan changed the landscape of Mt. Geumgang during the 1930s. In the early 1930s, the Japanese Government-General of Joseon sought to conserve the landscape of Mt. Geumgang, which had been damaged by increasing tourists and reckless development, by executing a national park plan. Uehara and Tamura, invited Japanese landscape architecture authorities, had contrasting viewpoints for national parks, thereby suggested two different national park preparation plans. Uehara emphasized Inner Geumgang's traditional scenic spots with old buildings and stories, while Tamura did Outer Geumgang's modern natural landscape. The final plan adopted both of their plans by applying each to separate zones. This plan was partially implemented and changed the landscape of mountains, although Mt.Geumgang was not designated as a national park as planned. Mt. Geumgang was reorganized by the plan as follows. First, the territory of Mt. Geumgang, which had been ambigous, was confirmed and expanded as a 'great landscape of granite mountains'. Second, the area of Mt. Geumgang were divided into multiple zones for different purposes. Newly added areas were developed as the zone for physical training of alpinists while highlighting a Mt. Geumgang's attribute as "unexplored nature." On the other hand, existing Inner Geumgang and Outer Geumgang areas were developed as the zone for tourists, which had facilities for groups of tourists and motoring roads for the short period sightseeing. New Geumgang was to be developed as a midpoint destination for the upper-class; however, this plan was abandoned as the whole plan was scaled down after 1933. Third, the landscapes of each zones were characterized by the building styles in it. Through this strategy, Outer Geumgang and newely added areas, the base of alpinists, were portrayed as modern and western, whereas Inner Geumgang, the base of tourists, was portrayed as traditional and oriental. These changes are important in that it has an influence on today's understanding and experience of Mt. Geumgang.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

서울대학교 공학연구원과 건설환경연구소의 지원에 감사드립니다.

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