Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (대한소아청소년정신의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Brief Replication Study Comparing Stimulants and Non-Stimulants for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment with a Focus on the Compliance, Efficacy, and Satisfaction

  • Roh, Hyosung (Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Bongseog (Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2020.05.27
  • Accepted : 2020.09.14
  • Published : 2021.01.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the compliance, efficacy, and satisfaction associated with methylphenidate and atomoxetine for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The subjects were 44 patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-5 diagnostic criteria for ADHD and were treated with methylphenidate or atomoxetine. The methylphenidate formulations included immediate release (IR), extended release (ER), and osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS). Patients and parents reported the average number of days per week the medication was taken. Efficacy was assessed using the ADHD Rating Scale. Satisfaction with medication scale (SAMS)-parent report form and SAMS-self-report form were used to evaluate parents' and patients' satisfaction, respectively. Results: Patients and parents were more satisfied with methylphenidate than with atomoxetine. There were no significant differences in the compliance with and efficacy of methylphenidate and atomoxetine. Compliance with methylphenidate IR and ER was markedly lower than that with OROS methylphenidate or atomoxetine. Conclusion: Methylphenidate OROS formulation can be considered a suitable option given its high rates of compliance, satisfaction, and efficacy.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the 2018 Inje University research grant.

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychaitric Association;2013.
  2. Kim HW, Kim E, Kim JH, Park J, Bahn GH, Lee YJ, et al. The revised Korean practice parameter for the treatment of attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (III)-pharmacological treatment-. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017;28:70-83. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.2017.28.2.70
  3. Kim JS, Kim BN, Cho SC, Shin MS, Yoo HJ, Kim JW, et al. The side effects and correlates of OROS-methylphenidatein the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010;21:63-71. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.2010.21.2.063
  4. Kratochvil CJ, Milton DR, Vaughan BS, Greenhill LL. Acute atomoxetine treatment of younger and older children with ADHD: a meta-analysis of tolerability and efficacy. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2008;2:25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-2-25
  5. Kratochvil CJ, Heiligenstein JH, Dittmann R, Spencer TJ, Biederman J, Wernicke J, et al. Atomoxetine and methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD: a prospective, randomized, open-label trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002;41:776-784. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200207000-00008
  6. Ni HC, Lin YJ, Gau SS, Huang HC, Yang LK. An open-label, randomized trial of methylphenidate and atomoxetine treatment in adults with ADHD. J Atten Disord 2017;21:27-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054713476549
  7. Yang L, Cao Q, Shuai L, Li H, Chan RC, Wang Y. Comparative study of OROS-MPH and atomoxetine on executive function improvement in ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012;15:15-26. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145711001490
  8. Newcorn JH, Kratochvil CJ, Allen AJ, Casat CD, Ruff DD, Moore RJ, et al. Atomoxetine and osmotically released methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: acute comparison and differential response. Am J Psychiatry 2008;165:721-730. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.05091676
  9. Yildiz O, Sismanlar SG, Memik NC, Karakaya I, Agaoglu B. Atomoxetine and methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD: the efficacy, tolerability and effects on executive functions. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2011;42:257-269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-010-0212-3
  10. Hanwella R, Senanayake M, de Silva V. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of methylphenidate and atomoxetine in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2011;11:176. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-11-176
  11. Kim B, Lee JS, Kim EJ, Sung HM, Shin YM, Hwang SH, et al. Treatment adherence of osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system methylphenidate in Korean children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014;25:65-72. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.2014.25.2.65
  12. Kim YS, So YK, Noh JS, Choi NK, Kim SJ, Koh YJ. Normative data on the Korean ADHD Rating Scales (K-ARS) for parents and teacher. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2003;42:352-359.
  13. Gortz-Dorten A, Breuer D, Hautmann C, Rothenberger A, Dopfner M. What contributes to patient and parent satisfaction with medication in the treatment of children with ADHD? A report on the development of a new rating scale. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011;20 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S297-S307.
  14. Biederman J, Newcorn J, Sprich S. Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:564-577. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.148.5.564
  15. McGough JJ, Smalley SL, McCracken JT, Yang M, Del'Homme M, Lynn DE, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: findings from multiplex families. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162:1621-1627. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.9.1621
  16. Kabore L, Muntner P, Chamot E, Zinski A, Burkholder G, Mugavero MJ. Self-report measures in the assessment of antiretroviral medication adherence: comparison with medication possession ratio and HIV viral load. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2015;14:156-162. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325957414557263
  17. Wang PS, Benner JS, Glynn RJ, Winkelmayer WC, Mogun H, Avorn J. How well do patients report noncompliance with antihypertensive medications?: a comparison of self-report versus filled prescriptions. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2004;13:11-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.819
  18. Kim YJ, Oh SY, Lee J, Moon SJ, Lee WH, Bahn GH. Factors affecting adherence to pharmacotherapy in childrenwith attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a retrospective study. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010;21:174-181. https://doi.org/10.5765/JKACAP.2010.21.3.174
  19. Steele M, Weiss M, Swanson J, Wang J, Prinzo RS, Binder CE. A randomized, controlled effectiveness trial of OROS-methylphenidate compared to usual care with immediate-release methylphenidate in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2006;13:e50-e62.
  20. Chou WJ, Chou MC, Tzang RF, Hsu YC, Gau SS, Chen SJ, et al. Better efficacy for the osmotic release oral system methylphenidate among poor adherents to immediate-release methylphenidate in the three ADHD subtypes. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009;63:167-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01937.x
  21. Atzori P, Usala T, Carucci S, Danjou F, Zuddas A. Predictive factors for persistent use and compliance of immediate-release methylphenidate: a 36-month naturalistic study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2009;19:673-681. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2008.0146
  22. Hong M, Lee WH, Moon DS, Lee SM, Chung US, Bahn GH. A 36 month naturalistic retrospective study of clinic-treated youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2014;24:341-346. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2013.0090
  23. So YK, Noh JS, Kim YS, Ko SG, Koh YJ. The reliability and validity of Korean parent and teacher ADHD Rating Scale. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2002;41:283-289.
  24. Kim BS, Park EJ. An observational multi-center study for evaluation of efficacy, safety and parental satisfaction of methylphenidateOROS in children with ADHD. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005;16:279-285.
  25. Song J, Kim B, Son JW, Yoo HK, Lee SI, Han DH, et al. Efficacy of OROS methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012;23(Suppl 3):S12-S23.
  26. Kim HI, Kim BN, Cho SC, Shin MS, Yoo HJ, Kim JW, et al. Change of quality of life in children with ADHD after 12 weeks OROS-methylphenidate treatment. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012;23:103-108. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.2012.23.3.103

Cited by

  1. Meta-Analysis Study on Treatment of Children’s Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity vol.2021, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8229039