한국임상수의학회지 (Journal of Veterinary Clinics)

  • 제38권3호
  • /
  • Pages.135-142
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 1598-298X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2384-0749(eISSN)
한국임상수의학회 (The Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Saline Flush on the Enhancement of Vascular and Liver via Saphenous Vein for Abdominal CT in Dogs

  • Kim, Song Yeon (Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Hwang, Tae Sung (Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • An, Soyon (Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Hwang, Gunha (Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Go, Woohyun (Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Jong Bong (Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Hee Chun (Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 투고 : 2021.02.09
  • 심사 : 2021.05.28
  • 발행 : 2021.06.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contrast effect if a saline flush following low-volume contrast medium bolus improves vascular and parenchymal enhancement using a saphenous vein in abdominal CT for small animals. Six clinically healthy beagle dogs underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced CT. They were divided into nine groups (each group, n = 6), according to the volume of contrast medium 1, 2, and 3 mL/kg, and volume of the saline solution 0, 5, and 10 mL. Dynamic CT scanning was performed at the hepatic hilum level. The maximum contrast enhancement, time to maximum enhancement, and time to equilibrium phase were calculated from the time attenuation curves. Mean attenuation values for all groups were measured in the aorta, portal vein, and liver. After contrast enhancement, grading of image quality regarding surrounding artifacts and evaluation of the hepatic hilum structures was performed. For comparison of the effect of the contrast material and saline solution doses, differences in mean attenuation values between the contrast medium 2 mL/kg without saline flush group and the remaining groups, and between contrast medium 3 mL/kg without saline flush group and the remaining groups, were analyzed for statistical significance. There were no significant differences between with and without saline flushing at the same contrast medium dose groups. There were no significant differences in peak values between the 3 mL/kg dose of contrast medium alone and the 2 mL/kg dose of contrast medium with saline solution flush. However, there was a significant difference in peak values between the 3 mL/kg dose of the contrast medium without the saline flush group and the 2 mL/kg dose of the contrast medium alone group. Grades of the artifacts were not significantly different in the saline flush regardless of the dose of the contrast medium. Using 2 mL/kg of contrast medium with saline solution flush resulted in similar liver parenchyma attenuation, compared with using 3 mL/kg of contrast medium without saline solution flush. In CT evaluation of hepatic parenchymal diseases, using 2 mL/kg of contrast medium with saline solution flush may yield decreased risk of contrast nephropathy and cost-saving.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Bae KT. Intravenous contrast medium administration and scan timing at CT: considerations and approaches. Radiology 2010; 256: 32-61. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.10090908
  2. Behrendt FF, Bruners P, Keil S, Plumhans C, Mahnken AH, Das M, et al. Effect of different saline chaser volumes and flow rates on intravascular contrast enhancement in CT using a circulation phantom. Eur J Radiol 2010; 73: 688-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.01.008
  3. Chambers TP, Baron RL, Lush RM. Hepatic CT enhancement. Part I. Alterations in the volume of contrast material within the same patients. Radiology 1994; 193: 513-517. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.193.2.7972770
  4. Chambers TP, Baron RL, Lush RM. Hepatic CT enhancement. Part II. Alterations in contrast material volume and rate of injection within the same patients. Radiology 1994; 193: 518-522. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.193.2.7972771
  5. Cohan RH, Dunnick NR, Leder RA, Baker ME. Extravasation of nonionic radiologic contrast media: efficacy of conservative treatment. Radiology 1990; 176: 65-67. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.176.1.2353113
  6. Fields EL, Robertson ID, Brown JC Jr. Optimization of contrast-enhanced multidetector abdominal computed tomography in sedated canine patients. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53: 507-512. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01950.x
  7. Foley WD, Hoffmann RG, Quiroz FA, Kahn CE Jr, Perret RS. Hepatic helical CT: contrast material injection protocol. Radiology 1994; 192: 367-371. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.192.2.8029399
  8. Freeny PC, Gardner JC, vonIngersleben G, Heyano S, Nghiem HV, Winter TC. Hepatic helical CT: effect of reduction of iodine dose of intravenous contrast material on hepatic contrast enhancement. Radiology 1995; 197: 89-93. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.197.1.7568860
  9. Haage P, Schmitz-Rode T, Hubner D, Piroth W, Gunther RW. Reduction of contrast material dose and artifacts by a saline flush using a double power injector in helical CT of the thorax. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000; 174: 1049-1053. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.174.4.1741049
  10. Hopper KD. With helical CT, is nonionic contrast a better choice than ionic contrast for rapid and large IV bolus injections? AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996; 166: 715. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.166.3.8623657
  11. Hopper KD, Mosher TJ, Kasales CJ, TenHave TR, Tully DA, Weaver JS. Thoracic spiral CT: delivery of contrast material pushed with injectable saline solution in a power injector. Radiology 1997; 205: 269-271. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.205.1.9314997
  12. Irie T, Kajitani M, Yamaguchi M, Itai Y. Contrast-enhanced CT with saline flush technique using two automated injectors: how much contrast medium does it save? J Comput Assist Tomogr 2002; 26: 287-291. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004728-200203000-00022
  13. Kim DJ, Kim TH, Kim SJ, Kim DP, Oh CS, Ryu YH, et al. Saline flush effect for enhancement of aorta and coronary arteries at multidetector CT coronary angiography. Radiology 2008; 246: 110-115. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2453061953
  14. Kishimoto M, Doi S, Shimizu J, Lee KJ, Iwasaki T, Miyake Y, et al. Influence of osmolarity of contrast medium and saline flush on computed tomography angiography: comparison of monomeric and dimeric iodinated contrast media with different iodine concentrations at an identical iodine delivery rate. Eur J Radiol 2010; 76: 135-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.05.018
  15. Lee CH, Goo JM, Bae KT, Lee HJ, Kim KG, Chun EJ, et al. CTA contrast enhancement of the aorta and pulmonary artery: the effect of saline chase injected at two different rates in a canine experimental model. Invest Radiol 2007; 42: 486-490. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0b013e318032a9fe
  16. Megibow AJ, Jacob G, Heiken JP, Paulson EK, Hopper KD, Sica G, et al. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of volume of low osmolality contrast medium needed for routine helical abdominal CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001; 176: 583-589. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.176.3.1760583
  17. Orlandini F, Boini S, Iochum-Duchamps S, Batch T, Zhu X, Blum A. Assessment of the use of a saline chaser to reduce the volume of contrast medium in abdominal CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187: 511-515. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.04.0942
  18. Pollard R, Puchalski S. CT Contrast media and applications. In: Schwarz T, Saunders J, editors. Veterinary computed tomography. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 2011: 57-66.
  19. Schoellnast H, Tillich M, Deutschmann HA, Stessel U, Deutschmann MJ, Schaffler GJ, et al. Improvement of parenchymal and vascular enhancement using saline flush and power injection for multiple-detector-row abdominal CT. Eur Radiol 2004; 14: 659-664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-003-2085-3
  20. Schoellnast H, Tillich M, Deutschmann MJ, Deutschmann HA, Schaffler GJ, Portugaller HR. Aortoiliac enhancement during computed tomography angiography with reduced contrast material dose and saline solution flush: influence on magnitude and uniformity of the contrast column. Invest Radiol 2004; 39: 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.rli.0000091841.45342.84