Advances in Computational Design

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A computer-based tool for strut-and-tie model design of structural concrete

  • Yun, Y.M. (School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Ramirez, J.A. (Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University)
  • Received : 2020.11.23
  • Accepted : 2021.05.21
  • Published : 2021.07.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The strut-and-tie model (STM) method has been recognized as an efficient methodology for the design of structural concrete disturbed stress regions (D-regions) and is used in design codes worldwide. However, the method requires iterative solution, numerous graphical calculations, and is time consuming. Further it involves designer's experience in the development of appropriate STM. In this study, a computer graphics program that enables the analysis and design of structural concrete efficiently is presented. This graphics program enables the designer to overcome the implementation drawbacks mentioned above. The program incorporates analysis and design capabilities, including finite element linear/nonlinear analysis programs for the plane truss and solid problems, a module for the automatic determination of effective strengths of struts and nodal zones, and one for the graphical verification of appropriateness of STM by displaying various geometrical shapes of struts and nodal zones.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2018R1D1A1B06041177).

References

  1. ACI-ASCE Committee 445 (2010), Further Examples for the Design of Structural Concrete with Strut-and-Tie Models; SP-273, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, U.S.A.
  2. Alshegeir, A. and Ramirez, J.A. (1992), "Computer graphics in detailing strut-tie models", J. Comput. Civil Eng., ASCE, 6(2), 220-232. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(1992)6:2(220).
  3. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2014), AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
  4. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2018), AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
  5. American Concrete Institute (2019), Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (318R-19), Farmington Hills, U.S.A.
  6. Bouadi, A. (1989), "Behavior of CCT Nodes in Structural Concrete Strut-and-Tie Models", Master Thesis, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, U.S.A.
  7. Chetchotisak, P., Yindeesuk, S. and Teerawong, J. (2017), "Interactive strut-and-tie-model for shear strength prediction of RC pile caps", Comput. Concrete, 20(3), 329-338. http://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.20.3.329.
  8. European Committee for Standardization (2004), Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures, Brussels, Belgium.
  9. FIB (International Federation for Structural Concrete) (2010), CEP-FIP Model Code 2010, Comite EuroInternational du Beton, Lausanne, Switzerland.
  10. Gen, M., Cheng, R., and Lin, L. (2008), Network Models and Optimization, Springer, Switzerland.
  11. Hassoun, M.N. and Al-Manaseer, A. (2020), Structural Concrete: Theory and Design, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., U.S.A.
  12. Jhong, J.T., Wang, L., Deng, P. and Zhou Man (2017), "A new evaluation procedure for the strut-and-tie models of the disturbed regions of reinforced concrete structures", Eng. Struct., 148, 660-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.07.012
  13. KCI Shear-Torsion Committee (2012), Examples for Strut-Tie Model Design of Structural Concrete, Kimoon-Dang, Seoul, Korea.
  14. Liang, Q.Q., Uy, B. and Steven, G.P. (2002), "Performance-based optimization for strut-and-tie modeling of structural Concrete", J. Struct. Engineering, ASCE, 128(6), 815-823. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:6(815).
  15. Liang, Q.Q., Xie, Y.M. and Steven, G.P. (2000), "Topology optimization of strut-and-tie models in reinforced concrete structures using an evolutionary", ACI Struct. J., 97(2), 322-330. http://www.concrete.org/PUBS/JOURNALS/SJHOME.ASP.
  16. MacGregor, J.G. (2019), Reinforced Concrete - Mechanics and Design, Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, U.S.A.
  17. Mish, K., Nobari, F. and Liu, D. (1995), "An interactive graphical strut-and-tie application", Proceedings of the Second Congress on Computing in Civil Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 788-795.
  18. Ozkal, F.M. and Uysal, H. (2017), "Reinforcement detailing of a corbel via an integrated strut-and-tie modeling approach", Comput. Concrete, 19(5), 589-597. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.19.5.589.
  19. Parol, J., Al-Qazweeni, J. and Salam, S.A. (2018), "Analysis of reinforced concrete corbel beams using Strut and Tie models", Comput. Concrete, 21(1), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2018.21.1.095.
  20. Schlaich, J., Schaefer, K. and Jennewein, M. (1987), "Towards a consistent design of structural concrete", J. Prestressed Concrete Institute, 32(3), 74-150. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.05011987.74.150.
  21. Tech Soft 3D (1997), "HOOPS 3D Graphics System", Bend, Oregon.
  22. Tjhin, T.N. and Kuchma, D.A. (2002), "Computer-based tools for design by strut-and-tie method: advances and challenges", ACI Struct. J., 99(5), 586-594.
  23. Tran, C.T.C., Nguyen, X.H., Nguyen, H.C. and Vu, N.S. (2020), "Strut-and-tie model for shear capacity of corroded reinforced concrete columns", Advan. Concrete Construct., 10(3), 185-193. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2020.10.3.185.
  24. Xia, Y., Langelaar, M. and Nendriks, M.A.N. (2020), "A critical evaluation of topology optimization results for strut-and-tie modeling of reinforced concrete", Comput. Aided Civil Infrastruct. Eng., 35(8), 850-869. https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12537.
  25. Yun, Y.M. (2000), "Computer graphics for nonlinear strut-tie model approach", J. Comput. Civil Eng., ASCE, 14(2), 127-133. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2000)14:2(127).
  26. Yun, Y.M. (2000), "Nonlinear strut-tie model approach for structural concrete", ACI Struct. J., 97(4), 581-590.
  27. Yun, Y.M. (2006), "Strength of two-dimensional nodal zones in strut-tie models", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 132(11), 1764-1783. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:11(1764).
  28. Yun, Y.M. (2020), "Numerical method for effective strength of nodal zones in two-dimensional strut-and-tie models", J. Korea Concrete Institute, 32(4), 359-369. https://doi.org/10.4334 /JKCI.2020.32.4.359. https://doi.org/10.4334/JKCI.2020.32.4.359
  29. Yun, Y.M. and Ramirez, J.A. (2016), "Strength of concrete struts in three-dimensional strut-tie models", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 142(11). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001584.
  30. Yun, Y.M., Kim, B.H. and Ramirez, J.A. (2018), "Three-dimensional grid strut-and-tie model approach in structural concrete design", ACI Struct. J., 115(1), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.14359/51700791.