DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

First report of Paranophrys marina (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia) isolated from olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Korea: morphological and phylogenetic analysis

  • Kang, Hyun-Sil (Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS) of Korea) ;
  • Whang, Ilson (National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK)) ;
  • Cho, Jae-Kwon (Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS) of Korea)
  • Received : 2021.04.29
  • Accepted : 2021.06.03
  • Published : 2021.06.30

Abstract

Scuticociliates are one of the serious parasitic threats faced by the marine aquaculturists worldwide. To date, Uronema nigricans, Philasterides dicentrarchi, Miamiensis avidus, Uronema marinum, and Pseudocohnilembus persalinus have been reported as the important culprit species causing scuticociliatosis in fish. The present paper reports the finding of an additional scuticociliate isolate from the gill of diseased olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Korea. Based on the morphological characteristics, a scuticociliate in this study was identified as Paranophrys marina. Phylogenetic analysis placed P. marina as a sister lineage to three species of Pseudocohnilembus and Mesanophrys carcini within the order Philasterida.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by National Institute of Fisheries Science under a grant (R2021018).

References

  1. Bassleer G. (1983) Uronema marinum, a new and common parasite on tropical saltwater fishes. Freshwater and Marine Aquarium 6, 78-81.
  2. Chun S.K. (2000) Scuticociliatosis, disease of cultured and marine fish. Hanguk Susan Sinbo Press, Seoul (in Korean).
  3. Cheung P.J., Nigrelli R.F. & Ruggieri G.D. (1980) Studies on the morphology of Uronema marinum Dujardin (Ciliatea: Uronematidae) with description of histopathology of the infection in marine fishes. Journal of Fish Diseases 3, 295-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1980.tb00400.x
  4. Crosbie P.B.B. & Munday B.L. (1999) Environmental factors and chemical agents affecting the growth of the pathogenic marine ciliate Uronema nigricans. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 36, 213-219. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao036213
  5. Dragesco A., Dragesco J., Coste F., Gasc C., Romestand B., Raymond J.C. & Bouix G. (1995) Philasterides dicentrarchi, n. sp., (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida), a histophagous opportunistic parasite of Dicentrachus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) a reared marine fish. European Journal of Protistology 31, 327-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0932-4739(11)80097-0
  6. Foissner W. (1991) Basic light and scanning electron microscopic methods for taxonomic studies of ciliated protozoa. European Journal of Protistology 27, 313-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0932-4739(11)80248-8
  7. Iglesias R., Parama A., Alvarez M.F., Leiro J., Fernandez J. & Sanmartin M.L. (2001) Philasterides dicentrarchi (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida) as the causative agent of scuticociliatosis in farmed turbot Scophthalmus maximus in Galicia (NW Spain). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 46, 47-55. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao046047
  8. Jee B.Y., Kim Y.C. & Park M.S. (2001) Morphology and biology of parasite responsible for scuticociliatosis of cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 47, 49-55. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao047049
  9. Jung S.J., Kitamura S.I., Song J.Y., Jeong I.Y. & Oh M.J. (2005) Complete small subunit rRNA gene sequence of the scuticociliate Miamiensis avidus pathogenic to olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 64, 159-162. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao064159
  10. Jung S.J., Kitamura S.I., Song J.Y. & Oh M.J. (2007) Miamiensis avidus (Ciliophora:Scuticociliatida) causes systemic infection of flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and is a senior synonym of Phiasterides dicentrarchi. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 73, 227-234. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao073227
  11. Kim S.M., Cho J.B., Kim S.K., Nam Y.K. & Kim K.H. (2004a) Occurrence of scuticociliatosis in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus by Philasterides dicentrarchi (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 62, 233-238. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao062233
  12. Kim S.M., Cho J.B., Lee E.H., Kwon S.R., Kim S.K., Nam Y.K. & Kim K.H. (2004b) Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (Ciliophora:Scuticociliatida) is an additional species causing scuticociliatosis in olive floun- der Paralichthys olivaceus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 62, 239-244. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao062239
  13. Ma H., Choi J.K. & Song W. (2003) An improved silver carbonate impregnation for marine ciliated protozoa. Acta Protozoologica 42, 161-164.
  14. Munday B.L., O'Donoghue P.J., Watts M., Rough K. & Hawkesford K. (1997) Fatal encephalitis due to the scuticociliate Uronema nigricans in sea-caged, southern blue tuna Thunnus maccoyi. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 30, 17-25. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao030017
  15. Parama A., Iglesias R., Alvarez M.F., Leiro J., Aja C. & Sanmartn M.L. (2003) Philasterides dicentrarchi (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida): experimental infection and possible routes of entry in farmed turbot (Scophalmus maximus). Aquaculture 217, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00523-9
  16. Saitou N. & Nei M. (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4, 406-425.
  17. Song J.Y., Kitamura S.I., Oh M.J., Kang H.S., Lee J.H., Tanaka S.J. & Jung S.J. (2009) Pathogenicity of Miamiensis avidus (syn. Philasterides dicentrarchi), Pseudocohnilembus persalinus, Pseudocohnilembus hargisi and Uronema marinum (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 83, 133-143. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02017
  18. Song W., Ma H., Wang M. & Zhu M. (2002) Comparative studies on two closely related species Uronemella filificum (Kahl, 1931) and Uronema elegans Maupas, 1883 with redescription of Paranophrys marina Thompson et Berger, 1965 (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida) from China Seas. Acta Protozoologica 41, 263-278.
  19. Thompson J.C. & Berger J. (1965) Paranophrys marina n. g., n. sp., a new ciliate associated with a hydroid from the Northeast Pacific (Ciliata: Hymenostomatida). Journal of protozoology 12, 527-531. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03252.x
  20. Thompson J.C., Higgins D.G. & Gibson T.J. (1994) CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positions-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22, 4673-4680. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673
  21. Yoshinaga T. & Nakazoe J. (1993) Isolation and in vitro cultivation of an unidentified ciliate causing scuticociliatosis in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Fish Pathology. 28, 131-134. https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.28.131