DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

'Inter-Asia' through Inland Eyes: Afghan Trading Networks across Land and Sea

  • Received : 2020.10.14
  • Accepted : 2021.02.06
  • Published : 2021.06.15

Abstract

This article demonstrates the significance of long-distance networks formed by traders from Afghanistan and Central Asia to the forging of present-day transregional connections within Asia. It identifies two connective corridors authored by these traders: a 'Eurasian corridor' connecting East Asia to post-Soviet Eurasia and extending into Western Europe and a 'West Asian corridor' involving traders originally from Central Asia linking East Asia to Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula. Empirically, the paper documents and analyses the varying cultural and political orientations of traders operating along these networks, and ways in which specific nodes in the networks contribute to their activities as a whole. Conceptually, the papers suggest that the study of 'inter-Asian' connections stands to benefit from deploying oceanic and inland models of geography in a non-dichotomous manner.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

I would like to thank David Henig and Paul Anderson for comments on an earlier version of this article. Thanks also to the insightful comments and criticisms of the two anonymous reviewers.

References

  1. Abu-Lughod, Lila. "Zones of Theory in the Anthropology of the Arab World." Annual Review of Anthropology 18 (1989):267-306. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.18.100189.001411
  2. Anderson, Paul. "Not a Silk Road: Trading Networks Between China and the Middle East as a Dynamic Interaction of Competing Eurasian Geographies." Global Networks no. 20 (2020): 208-724.
  3. Anderson, Paul, "Aleppo in Asia: Mercantile Networks Between Syria, China and PostSoviet Eurasia Since 1970." History and Anthropology 29 (2018): 67 - 83.
  4. Aslanian, David Sebouh. From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: The Global Trade Networks of Armenian Merchants from New Julfa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014.
  5. Bashir, Shahzad, "Rethinking Chronology in the Historiography of Muslim Societies." History and Theory 53, no. 4 (2014): 519-544. https://doi.org/10.1111/hith.10729
  6. Bayly, Christopher. Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780-1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
  7. Bishara, F. "The Many Voyages of Fateh Al-Khayr: Unfurling the Gulf in the Age of Oceanic History." International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 52, no. 3 (2020): 397-412. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743820000367
  8. Bose, Sugata. A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.
  9. Bose, Sugata and Manjapra, Kris. Cosmopolitan Thought Zones: South Asia and the Global Circulation of Ideas. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2010.
  10. Can, Lale. Spiritual Subjects: Central Asian Pilgrims and the Ottoman Hajj and the End of Empire. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2020.
  11. Curtin, Philip. Cross-Cultural Trade in World History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
  12. Dale, Stephen. Hindu Merchants and Eurasian Trade, 1600-1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  13. Di Cosmo, Nicola. "Mongols and Merchants on the Black Sea Frontier in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: Convergences and Conflicts." in Turco-Mongol Nomads and Sedentary Societies, edited by R. Amitai and M. Biran, 391-424. Leiden: Brill:,2005.
  14. Di Cosmo, Nicola, "Black Sea Emporia and the Mongol Empire: A Reassessment of the Pax Mongolica." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, no 53 (2010): 83-108.
  15. Freitag, Ulrike. A History of Jeddah: The Gate to Mecca in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
  16. Gardner, Andrew. "Strategic Transnationalism: The Indian Diasporic Elite in Contemporary Bahrain." City and Society, no. 20 (2008): 54-78.
  17. Green, Nile. "Rethinking the 'Middle East' After the Oceanic Turn." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 34, no 3 (2014): 556-564.
  18. Green, Nile. "The Waves of Heterotopia: Toward a Vernacular Intellectual History of the Indian Ocean." The American Historical Review 123, no. 3 (2018): 846-874. https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/123.3.846
  19. Green, Nile. Global Islam: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020.
  20. Green, Nile, ed. The Persianate World: The Frontiers of a Eurasian Lingua Franca. Berkeley: California University Press, 2019.
  21. Hann, Chris. "A Concept of Eurasia." Current Anthropology 57, no 1 (2016): 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1086/684625
  22. Harris, Ron. Going the Distance: Eurasian Trade and the Rise of the Business Corporation, 1400-1700. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2020.
  23. Ho, Engseng. "Empire through Diasporic Eyes: A View from the Other Boat." Comparative Studies in Society and History 46, no 2 (2004): 210 - 246. https://doi.org/10.1017/S001041750400012X
  24. Ho, Engseng. Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean. Berkeley: California University Press, 2006.
  25. Ho, Engseng. "Inter-Asian Concepts for Mobile Societies." Journal of Asian Studies 76, no. 9 (2017): 907-928. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911817000900
  26. Huat, C.B. et al. "Area Studies and the Crisis of Legitimacy: A View from South East Asia." Southeast Asia Research 27, no. 1 (2019): 31-48.
  27. Humphrey, Caroline. The Unmaking of Soviet Life: Everyday Economies after Socialism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002.
  28. Karimi, Ali. "The Bazaar, the State and the Struggle for Public Opinion in NineteenthCentury Afghanistan." Journal of The Royal Asiatic Society, no. 3 (2020): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186300013432
  29. Khazeni, A. Sky Blue Stone: The Turquoise Trade in World History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014.
  30. Levi, Scott C. The Rise and Fall of Khoqand, 1709-1876: Central Asia in the Global Age. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 2017.
  31. Levi, Scott C. The Bukharan Crisis: A Connected History of 18th Century Central Asia. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 2020.
  32. Lockman, Zachary. Fieldnotes: The Making of Middle East Studies in the United States. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2016.
  33. Lydon, G. On Trans-Saharan Trails: Islamic Law, Trade Networks, and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Nineteenth-Century Western Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
  34. Marsden, Magnus. Trading Worlds: Afghan Merchants across Modern Frontiers. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
  35. Marsden, Magnus. "Actually Existing Silk Roads." Journal of Eurasian Studies, no. 8 (2017): 22-30.
  36. Marsden, Magnus. Beyond the Silk Roads: Trade, Mobility and Geopolitics across Eurasia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming.
  37. Martin Smith, Grace. "The Ozbek Tekkes of Istanbul." Der Islam no 57 (1980): 130-39.
  38. Miran, Jonathan. Red Sea Citizens: Cosmopolitan Society and Cultural Change in Massawa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009.
  39. Mostowlansky, Till and Hasan Karrar. "Assembling Marginality in North Pakistan." Political Geography 63 (2018): 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2018.01.005
  40. Pickett, James. Polymaths of Islam: Power and Networks of Knowledge in Central Asia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2020.
  41. Price, David. Cold War Anthropology: The CIA, the Pentagon, and the Growth of Dual Use Anthropology. Carolina: Duke University Press, 2016.
  42. Reeves, Madeleine. Border Work: Spatial Lives of the State in Rural Central Asia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014.
  43. Rippa, Alessandro. Borderland Infrastructures: Trade, Development, and Control in Western China. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020.
  44. Shahrani, Nazif. "Pining for Bukhara in Afghanistan: Poetics and Politics of Exilic Identity and Emotions." In Reform Movements and Revolutions in Turkistan 1900-1924: Studies in Honour of Osman Khoj. edited by Kocaoglu, Timur, 369-391. Haarlem, Netherlands: SOTA, 2001,.
  45. Shalinsky, Audrey. Long Years of Exile. Washington: University Press of America, 1993.
  46. Sidaway, James et. al. "Politics and spaces of China's Belt and Road Initiative" EPC: Politics and Space 38, no. 5 (2020): 795 - 847.
  47. Simpfendorfer, B. The New Silk Road. How a Rising Arab World is Turning Away from the West and Rediscovering China. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
  48. Steensgard, Niels. The Asian Trade Revolution: The East India Companies and the Decline of the Caravan Trade. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1975.
  49. Van Schendel, Willem. "Fragmented sovereignty and Unregulated Flows: The Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Corridor." In Shadow Exchanges along the New Silk Roads, edited by Hung, Eva and Tak-Wing Ngo. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020.
  50. Wimmer, A. and N. Glick-Schiller. "Methodological Nationalism and Beyond: Nation-State Building, Migration and the Social Sciences." Global Networks, no 2 (2002): 301-344.