Geomechanics and Engineering

  • 제25권5호
  • /
  • Pages.373-381
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 2005-307X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-6219(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Physical modelling of bending moments in single piles under combined loads in layered soil

  • Khari, Mahdy (Department of Civil Engineering, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Dehghanbandaki, Ali (Department of Civil Engineering, Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Armaghani, Danial Jahed (Department of Urban Planning, Engineering Networks and Systems, Institute of Architecture and Construction, South Ural State University)
  • 투고 : 2020.09.30
  • 심사 : 2021.05.23
  • 발행 : 2021.06.10
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Pile foundations are very important elements in the design of railways and bridges. In many projects, piles are under the combination of vertical and horizontal loads. In this regard, the maximum moment which is applied to the piles is a key factor for designers. Therefore, in this study, experimental investigations on loaded single piles in sandy soils with different energies in various conditions of loading and relative densities were performed. Nine physical modeling tests were created to evaluate the load-deflection response, bending moment and strain along with the driven aluminum model pile. The single piles were subjected under both horizontal and combination of horizontal and vertical loads. The dimensions of soil tank and model pile were designed by considering chamber size effects and internal scale effects. The results showed a significant difference in magnitude and shapes of bending when the mole pile was subjected to combined loads with a relative density of 30% (loose) and 75% (dense). Additionally, the combined load test results demonstrated that the bending moments and lateral deflection of the pile head increase substantially in the presence of vertical loads. Finally, two computational models were proposed to estimate the maximum moment on the piles.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Alzabeebee, S. and Chapman, D.N. (2020), "Evolutionary computing to determine the skin friction capacity of piles embedded in clay and evaluation of the available analytical methods", Transport. Geotech., 100372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2020.100372.
  2. Jebur, A.A., Atherton, W., Al Khaddar, R.M. and Loffill, E. (2018), "Artificial neural network (ANN) approach for modelling of pile settlement of open-ended steel piles subjected to compression load", Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2018.1531269.
  3. Amiri, S.T., Dehghanbanadaki, A., Nazir, R. and Motamedi, S. (2020), "Unit composite friction coefficient of model pile floated in kaolin clay reinforced by recycled crushed glass under uplift loading", Transport. Geotech., 22, 100313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2019.100313.
  4. Bentley, K.J. and Naggar, M.H.E. (2000), "Numerical analysis of kinematic response of single piles", Can. Geotech. J., 37(6), 1368-1382. https://doi.org/10.1139/t00-066.
  5. Belleza, I. (2020), "Closed-form expressions for a rigid passive pile in a two-layered soil", Geotech. Lett., 10(2), 242-249. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.19.00250.
  6. Chen, Y., Deng, A., Lu, F. and Sun, H. (2020), "Failure mechanism and bearing capacity of vertically loaded pile with partially-screwed shaft: Experiment and simulations", Comput. Geotech., 118, 103337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103337.
  7. Chu, D.B., Stewart, J.P., Boulanger, R.W. and Lin, P.S. (2008), "Cyclic softening of low-plasticity clay and its effect on seismic foundation performance", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 134, 1595-1608. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:11(1595).
  8. Deb, P. and Pal, S.K. (2019), "Numerical analysis of piled raft foundation under combined vertical and lateral loading", Ocean Eng., 190, 106431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106431.
  9. Dehghanbanadaki, A., Motamedi, S. and Ahmad, K. (2020), "FEM-based modelling of stabilized fibrous peat by end-bearing cement deep mixing columns", Geomech. Eng., 20(1), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.20.1.075.
  10. Di Laora, R., de Sanctis, L. and Aversa, S. (2019), "Bearing capacity of pile groups under vertical eccentric load", Acta Geotech., 14(1), 193-205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0646-5.
  11. Eslami, A., Aflaki, E. and Hosseini, B. (2011), "Evaluating CPT and CPTu based pile bearing capacity estimation methods using Urmiyeh Lake Causeway piling records", Scientia Iranica, 18(5), 1009-1019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scient.2011.09.003.
  12. Finno, R.J., Lawrence, S.A., Allawh, N.F. and Harahap, I.S. (1991), "Analysis of performance of pile groups adjacent to deep excavation", J. Geotech. Eng., 117(6), 934-955. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:6(934).
  13. Garala, T.K. and Madabhushi, G.S. (2021), "Role of pile spacing on dynamic behavior of pile groups in layered soils", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 147(3), 04021005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002483.
  14. Harandizadeh, H., Armaghani, D.J. and Khari, M. (2019), "A new development of ANFIS-GMDH optimized by PSO to predict pile bearing capacity based on experimental datasets", Eng. Comput., 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00849-3.
  15. Hazzar, L., Hussien, M.N. and Karray, M. (2017), "On the behaviour of pile groups under combined lateral and vertical loading", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131, 174-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.01.006.
  16. Hoang, L., Matsumoto, T. and Dao, K. (2020), Settlement and Pile Response in a Long-Term Vertically Loaded Piled Raft Foundation Model on Saturated Clay-Experimental Study, in Geotechnics for Sustainable Infrastructure Development, Springer, Singapore, 33-40.
  17. Jeong, S., Seo, D. and Kim, Y. (2009), "Numerical analysis of passive pile groups in offshore soft deposits", Comput. Geotech., 36(7), 1164-1175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2009.05.003.
  18. Karatzia, X. and Mylonakis, G. (2016), "Discussion of "kinematic bending of fixed-head piles in nonhomogeneous soil" by Raffaele Di Laora and Emmanouil Rovithis", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 142(2), 07015042. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001450.
  19. Karkush, M.O. and Jafar, G.S. (2015), "Effects of surcharge on the behavior of passive piles in sandy soil", Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 6(10), 392-397.
  20. Khari, M., Armaghani, D.J. and Dehghanbanadaki, A. (2019a), "Prediction of lateral deflection of small scale piles using hybrid PSO-ANN model", Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 45, 3499-3509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04134-9.
  21. Khari, M., Dehghanbanadaki, A., Motamedi, S. and Armaghani, D.J. (2019b), "Computational estimation of lateral pile displacement in layered sand using experimental data", Measurement, 146, 110-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.04.081.
  22. Kim, B.T., Kim, N.K., Lee, W.J. and Kim, Y.S. (2004), "Experimental load-transfer curves of laterally loaded piles in Nak-Dong River sand", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 130, 416-425. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:4(416).
  23. Li, F., Tian, P., Wang, L. and Chen, M. (2020), "Investigation on lateral bearing capacity of monopile under combined vertical-lateral loads and scouring condition", Mar. Georesour. Geotec., 39(4), 505-514. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2020.1719562.
  24. Lu, W. and Zhang, G. (2018), "Influence mechanism of verticalhorizontal combined loads on the response of a single pile in sand", Soils Found., 58, 1228-1239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.07.002.
  25. Maheshwari, B.K., Truman, K.Z., Naggar, M.H.E. and Gould, P.L. (2004), "Three-dimensional finite element nonlinear dynamic analysis of pile groups for lateral transient and seismic excitations", Can. Geotech. J., 41(1), 118-133. https://doi.org/10.1139/t03-073.
  26. Medina, C., Alamo, G.M., Padron, L.A., Aznarez, J.J. and Maeso, O. (2019), "Application of regression models for the estimation of the flexible-base period of pile-supported structures in continuously inhomogeneous soils", Eng. Struct., 190, 76-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.03.112.
  27. Moayedi, H., Gor, M., Khari, M., Foong, L.K., Bahiraei, M. and Bui, D.T. (2020), "Hybridizing four wise neural-metaheuristic paradigms in predicting soil shear strength", Measurement, 156, 107576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107576.
  28. Nagao, T. and Lu, P. (2020), "A simplified reliability estimation method for pile-supported wharf on the residual displacement by earthquake", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 129, 105904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105904.
  29. Nejad, F.P., Jaksa, M.B., Kakhi, M. and McCabe, B.A. (2009), "Prediction of pile settlement using artificial neural networks based on standard penetration test data", Comput. Geotech., 36(7), 1125-1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2009.04.003.
  30. Nguyen, D. and Phan, D. (2020), A Method for the Evaluation of Ultimate Lateral Load Capacity of Pile Foundation, in Geotechnics for Sustainable Infrastructure Development. Springer, Singapore.
  31. Nguyen, H.H., Khabbaz, H., Fatahi, B. and Kelly, R. (2016), "Bridge pile response to lateral soil movement induced by installation of controlled modulus columns", Procedia Eng., 143, 475-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.060.
  32. Song, Y.S., Hong, W. and Woo, K. (2012), "Behaviour and analysis of stabilizing piles installed in a cut slope during heavy rainfall", Eng. Geol., 129-130, 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.01.012.
  33. Stacul, S. and Squeglia, N. (2020), "Simplified assessment of pile-head kinematic demand in layered soil", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 130, 105975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105975.
  34. Wang, L., Zhang, P., Ding, H., Tian, Y. and Qi, X. (2020), "The uplift capacity of single-plate helical pile in shallow dense sand including the influence of installation", Mar. Struct., 71, 102697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2019.102697.
  35. Wang, M.C. and Liao, W.P. (1987), "Active length of laterally loaded piles", J. Geotech. Eng., 113(9), 1044-1048. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1987)113:9(1044).
  36. White, D.J., Thompson, M.J., Suleiman, M.T. and Schaefer, V.R. (2008), "Behavior of slender piles subject to free-field lateral soil movement", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 134(4), 428-436. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:4(428).
  37. Wu, G. and Finn, W.D.L. (1997), "Dynamic elastic analysis of pile foundations using finite element method in the frequency domain", Can. Geotech. J., 34(1), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1139/t96-87.
  38. Zhang, W. and Goh, A.T. (2016), "Multivariate adaptive regression splines and neural network models for prediction of pile drivability", Geosci. Front., 7(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2014.10.003.
  39. Zhou, J.J., Yu, J.L., Gong, X.N., Zhang, R.H. and Yan, T.L. (2020), "Influence of soil reinforcement on the uplift bearing capacity of a pre-stressed high-strength concrete pile embedded in clayey soil", Soils Found., 9(6), 2367-2375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2019.12.002.