Molecules and Cells

Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology (한국분자세포생물학회)
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MiT Family Transcriptional Factors in Immune Cell Functions

  • Kim, Seongryong (Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • Song, Hyun-Sup (Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • Yu, Jihyun (Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • Kim, You-Me (Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST))
  • Received : 2021.03.21
  • Accepted : 2021.04.01
  • Published : 2021.05.31
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Abstract

The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family (MiT family) proteins are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that perform many essential biological functions. In mammals, the MiT family consists of MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor or melanocyte-inducing transcription factor), TFEB (transcription factor EB), TFE3 (transcription factor E3), and TFEC (transcription factor EC). These transcriptional factors belong to the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor family and bind the E-box DNA motifs in the promoter regions of target genes to enhance transcription. The best studied functions of MiT proteins include lysosome biogenesis and autophagy induction. In addition, they modulate cellular metabolism, mitochondria dynamics, and various stress responses. The control of nuclear localization via phosphorylation and dephosphorylation serves as the primary regulatory mechanism for MiT family proteins, and several kinases and phosphatases have been identified to directly determine the transcriptional activities of MiT proteins. In different immune cell types, each MiT family member is shown to play distinct or redundant roles and we expect that there is far more to learn about their functions and regulatory mechanisms in host defense and inflammatory responses.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We apologize for not being able to describe and cite many important works related to biology of the MiT family proteins due to space limitation. We thank Hojune Kwak for English editing. This work was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea (2016M3A9D3918546, 2020R1A2C2011307) and Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST).

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