Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Serum vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

  • Lee, Kyueun (Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Jihye (Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University)
  • Received : 2020.07.02
  • Accepted : 2020.11.03
  • Published : 2021.06.01
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Abstract

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Evidence has suggested an association between serum vitamin D and metabolic syndrome (MetS), but prospective studies are very limited. The objective was to assess the dose-response association between serum vitamin D concentration and MetS risk using a systematic review and meta-analysis of updated observational studies. MATERIALS/METHODS: Using MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase, a systematic literature search was conducted through February 2020 and the references of relevant articles were reviewed. A random-effects model was used to estimate the summary odds ratio/relative risk and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated with I2 statistic. In total, 23 observational studies (19 cross-sectional studies, and four cohort studies) were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: The pooled estimates (95% CI) for MetS per 25-nmol/L increment in serum vitamin D concentration were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76-0.84; I2 = 53.5) in cross-sectional studies, and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.72-0.98; I2 = 85.8) in cohort studies. Similar results were observed, irrespectively of age of study population, study location, MetS criteria, and adjustment factors. There was no publication bias for the dose-response meta-analysis of serum vitamin D concentrations and MetS. CONCLUSIONS: Dose-response meta-analysis demonstrated that a 25-nmol/L increment in the serum vitamin D concentration was associated with 20% and 15% lower risks of MetS in cross-sectional studies and cohort studies, respectively.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (NRF2017 R1D1A1B03931307 and NRF2018R1D1A1B07045558). The NRF had no role in the study design, data analysis, or writing of this article.

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