Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회)
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Comparison of Caffeine, Benzopyrene, and Hazardous Metals in Brewed Coffee Selling in Gwangju Metropolitan City

광주광역시 유통 커피류의 카페인, 벤조피렌, 유해중금속 함량 비교

  • Ryu, Keunyoung (Department of Food Analysis, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju Metropolitan City) ;
  • Gang, Gyungri (Department of Food Analysis, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju Metropolitan City) ;
  • Park, Hyemin (Department of Food Analysis, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju Metropolitan City) ;
  • Lee, Jaerin (Department of Food Analysis, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju Metropolitan City) ;
  • Choi, Suyeon (Department of Food Analysis, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju Metropolitan City) ;
  • Jo, Eunhye (Department of Food Analysis, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju Metropolitan City) ;
  • Cho, Baesik (Department of Food Analysis, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju Metropolitan City) ;
  • Kim, Jinhee (Department of Food Analysis, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju Metropolitan City)
  • 류근영 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 식품분석과) ;
  • 강경리 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 식품분석과) ;
  • 박혜민 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 식품분석과) ;
  • 이재린 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 식품분석과) ;
  • 최수연 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 식품분석과) ;
  • 조은혜 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 식품분석과) ;
  • 조배식 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 식품분석과) ;
  • 김진희 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 식품분석과)
  • Received : 2021.03.17
  • Accepted : 2021.04.15
  • Published : 2021.04.30
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Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the content of caffeine, benzo[a]pyrene, lead, and cadmium in coffee drinks sold at coffee shops in Gwangju, Korea. A total of 114 coffee samples (100 Americano coffees and 14 cold-brew coffees) were purchased at each of 100 coffee shops including the large (12) and mid-sized (13) franchises and other types of local coffee shops (75). It was confirmed that the single-serving sizes of coffee drinks were 175 to 460 mL (Americano 220 to 460, cold-blew 175 to 400). The result of the analysis to content of caffeine in coffee drinks to be 0.25 to 1.49 mg/mL, which is higher than the 0.15 mg/mL standard for 'high caffeine content beverages', and based on the single-serving volume, some coffee drinks were found to exceed the recommended adult caffeine intake of 400 mg/day even if only two cups were consumed. The detection of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) was found to range from not detected (ND) to 55.35 ng/kg. However, there is currently no standard for B[a]P content in coffee drinks, but it was found to be lower than that of special-purpose foods (1.0 ㎍/kg or less), which has the lowest standard among other food types in the food code. As for heavy metals, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were confirmed from ND to 29.00 ㎍/kg and ND to 12.0 ㎍/kg, respectively, although most samples had no detectable levels. As a result of this study, caffeine content should be considered when ingesting coffee drinks. Moreover, labeling of caffeine content on coffee products is needed for the safety of consumers in the future.

본 연구는 광주지역 커피전문점에서 유통되고 있는 커피류 중 주요 성분인 카페인과 커피콩의 로스팅 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 유해 성분인 benzo[a]pyrene, 그리고 중금속(lead, cadmium) 등의 함량을 분석하였다. 커피음료는 대형(12), 중형(13) 프랜차이즈 그리고 지역 소규모 커피전문점(75) 등 100개 지점에서 총 114건(Americano 100건, Cold-brew 14건)을 구매하여 시험 검체로 하였고, 검체의 1회 제공량은 175-460 (Americano 220-460, Cold-brew 175-400) mL로 조사되었다. 커피음료의 성분 분석 결과 카페인은 0.25-1.49 mg/mL (72.58-290.18 mg/cup)으로 고카페인 함유 기준인 0.15 mg/mL를 상회하는 수준이었고, 1회 제공량 기준으로 일부 커피음료는 2잔만 섭취하여도 성인 카페인 최대 섭취 권고량인 400 mg/day를 초과하는 것으로 확인되었다. 벤조피렌(Benzo[a]pyrene)은 ND-55.35 ng/kg (ND-15.22 ng/cup)으로 분석되었다. 현재 커피음료에 대한 벤조피렌 함량 기준은 없으나 다른 식품유형의 기준인 1.0 ㎍/kg(특수용도식품) 이하 보다 낮은 수준으로 확인되었다. 중금속은 납(Pb)과 카드뮴(Cd)이 각각 ND-29.00 ㎍/kg (ND-8.4 ㎍/cup)과 ND-12.0 ㎍/kg (ND-4.7 ㎍/cup)의 분포를 보였으나 대부분이 불검출로 확인되었다. 본 조사를 통해 시중에 유통되고 있는 원두 추출 커피음료 중 벤조피렌과 중금속(납, 카드뮴)은 안전한 수준으로 확인되었으나, 카페인은 함량이 비교적 높게 확인되어 커피음료 섭취 시 카페인 함량에 대한 고려가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 소비자를 위해 향후 커피음료에 카페인 함량 표시도 필요할 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 광주광역시 보건환경연구원 2020년도 연구사업의 지원으로 수행 하였습니다.

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