DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Transplanting and Direct Seeding on the Growth and Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) during Spring Cultivation

유채 봄 재배 시 기계이식과 직파 재배시기에 따른 생육 및 수량 비교

  • Lee, Ji-Eun (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Kwang-Soo (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • An, Da-hee (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Cha, Young-Lok (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA)
  • 이지은 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소) ;
  • 김광수 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소) ;
  • 안다희 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소) ;
  • 차영록 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소)
  • Received : 2021.09.23
  • Accepted : 2021.10.07
  • Published : 2021.12.01

Abstract

In South Korea, direct seeding of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is difficult during spring cultivation in early March because of the low yield production associated with late flowering and poor seed quality. To compare the period of direct sowing, the present study investigated the growth characteristics of rapeseed according to planting dates. Specifically, 35 day-old seedlings were transplanted or directly sown on four different dates (late February, early March, late March, and early April) in 2020 and 2021. As the planting date was delayed, the days to flowering of rapeseed decreased. Similarly, the plant height, seed set percentage, and seed yield of rapeseed were reduced upon delay in planting. The seed yield of rapeseed through direct seeding in late February was the highest, 2.76 ton·ha-1. On all seeding dates, except for late February, the transplanted rapeseed produced a higher yields than the directly seeded rapeseed. The crude oil and oleic acid content, which is related to the quality of rapeseed, decreased with the delay in planting dates, and this decrease was greater, with the direct seeding of rapeseed depending on the sowing time. In the correlation analysis, the planting date was significantly and negatively correlated with the yield, crude oil content, and oleic acid content of the transplanted rapeseed, while the sowing date was negatively correlated with the plant height, silique size, yield, and seed quality of the directly seeded rapeseed. Finally, the effect of planting date on rapeseed growth was stronger in direct seeding than in transplanting. Therefore, during spring cultivation after late February to early March, transplanting, rather than direct seeding, in more advantageous in terms of seed quality and yield.

유채 봄 재배를 위한 육묘 후 기계이식 재배와 종자 직파 재배시기에 따른 생육량, 종실 수량, 그리고 종자 품질 등 차이를 구명하기 위해 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 이식 유채와 직파 유채의 개화기 차이는 파종 시기가 늦어질수록 더 커졌으며, 2020년 2월 말 파종 방법별 개화기 차이는 12일이었으나, 4월 초 파종 시 23일이었다. 또한, 유채 개화소요 일수는 이식 및 직파 시기가 늦어질수록 짧아졌다. 2. 유채의 결실기 생육 조사 결과, 초장은 기계이식 재배에서 평균 101.6 cm로 유의성이 없으나, 직파 재배의 경우 파종 시기가 늦을수록 감소하여 유의성을 보였다. 종자 결실 비율 또한 4월 상순 기계이식 재배에서 83.6%, 3월 하순, 4월 상순 직파 유채 각각 80.4, 74.3%로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 3. 종자 수량은 2월 직파한 유채에서 275.5 kg/10a로 가장 높았으며, 4월 초 직파한 유채에서 34.6 kg/10a로 가장 낮았다. 또한, 2월 말 직파 유채에 비하여 4월 초 직파 유채의 수량은 87.4% 감소하였으며, 같은 시기 이식 유채는 31.8% 감소하여 감소폭이 적었다. 4. 유채 종자의 품질과 관련된 조지방 함량은 기계이식 재배에서는 4월 상순 이식 시 27.8%로 다른 이식 시기에 비하여 15% 감소하였으며, 나머지 3 이식시기 간의 유의성은 보이지 않았다. 직파 재배는 2월 하순에서 4월 상순까지 직파 시기가 늦어질수록 파종시기에 의존적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 5. 이식 유채에서는 이식 시기와 결실 비율, 수량, 올레산 함량, 조지방 함량 간의 부의 상관관계를 보였으며, 직파 재배 또한 직파 시기와 초장, 꼬투리 생육, 결실비율, 수량, 종자 품질 간의 부의 상관관계를 보여 생육에 미치는 영향이 더 큰 것으로 판단되었다. 6. 이러한 이식 및 직파 시기에 따른 유채 생육의 변화 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 파종 시기가 늦어질수록 직파에서 받는 생육 감소 영향이 더 큰 것으로 생각된다. 본 결과는 논 안전 재배를 위한 유채 이식 및 직파 재배의 한계 파종일 및 이식일을 설정할 수 있는 자료로써, 재배법 확립의 기초 자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 작물시험연구사업(과제번호: PJ01429002)의 지원에 의해 수행되었다.

References

  1. An, D. H., Cha, Y. L., Kim, K. S., Shin, W. C., and Lee, J. E. 2021. Evaluation of Rapeseed seedling quality according to varieties and seedling ages for spring cultivation transplanting. Korean J. Crop Sci. 66 : 256-264. https://doi.org/10.7740/KJCS.2021.66.3.256
  2. Abbadi, A., and Leckband, G. 2011. Rapeseed breeding for oil content, quality, and sustainability. Euro. Fed. Lipid. 113 : 1198-1206. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201100063
  3. Baek, I. Y., Shin, D. C., Park, C. K., Lee, J. M., and Suh, H., S. 1995. Effect of planting time on seed production of vegetable soybean at different locations. Korean J. Crop Sci. 40 : 44-51.
  4. Bazzaz, M. M., Hossain, A., Farooq, M., Alharby, H., Bamagoos, A., Nuruzzaman, M., Khanum, M., Hossain, M. M., Kizilgeci, F., and Ozturk, F. 2020. Phenology, growth and yield are strongly influenced by heat stress in late sown mustard (Brassica spp.) varieties. Pak. J. Bot. 52 : 1189-1195.
  5. Dale, A., and Drennan, D. 1997. Transplanted maize (Zea mays) for grain production in southern England. I. Effects of planting date, transplant age at planting and cultivar on grain yield. J. Agric. Sci. 128 : 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859696003875
  6. Dar, A. A., Choudhury, A. R., Kancharla, P. K., and Arumugam, N. 2017. The FAD2 gene in plants: occurrence, regulation, and role. Front. Plant Sci. 8 : 1789. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01789
  7. Hossain, M., Salam, M., Uddin, M., Pervez, Z., and Sarkar, M. 2002. A comparative study of direct seedling versus transplanting method on the yield of Aus rice. Pak. J. Agric. Sci.
  8. Jenkins, P., and Leitch, D.M. 1986. Effects of sowing date on the growth and yield of winter oil-seed rape (Brassica napus). J. Agric. Sci. 107 : 405-420. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600087219
  9. Jo, S. M., Jung, K. Y., Kang, H. W., Choi, Y. D., Lee, J. S., and Jeon, S. H. 2016. Effect of seedling age on growth and yield at transplanting of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Korean J. Crop Sci. 61 : 50-56. https://doi.org/10.7740/KJCS.2016.61.1.050
  10. Kang, Y., and Ko, M. 2004. Effect of transplanting date on growth and yield of yacon. Korean J. Crop Sci. 49 : 188-193.
  11. Ketema, S., Dessalegn, L., and Tesfaye, B. 2013. Effect of planting methods on maturity and yield of onion (Allium cepa var cepa) in the central rift valley of Ethiopia. Ethiop. J. Agric. Sci. 24 : 45-55.
  12. Kim, K. S., Ha, S. O., Lee, Y. H., Jang, Y. S., and Choi, I. H. 2015. Study on growth and flowering characteristics in the spring sowing for selection of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties. Korean J. Plant Res. 28 : 111-118. https://doi.org/10.7732/KJPR.2015.28.1.111
  13. Kim, S. T., Kang, Y. K., Ko, M. R., and Moon, J. S. 2001. Effect of planting date on growth and grain yield of vegetable perilla. Korean J. Crop Sci. 46 : 434-438.
  14. Kwon, D. E., Kim, K. S., Hwang, E. J., Park, J. C., Lee, J. E., and Lee, Y. H. 2021. Changes in growth and productivity characteristics by sowing date on spring sowing Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in paddy field of southern region of South Korea. Korean J. Crop Sci. 66 : 80-86. https://doi.org/10.7740/KJCS.2021.66.1.080
  15. Lee, T. S., Lee, Y. H., Kim, K. S., Lee, H. K., Jang, Y. S., Choi, I. H., and Kim, K. S. 2014a. Changes of growth and flowering characteristics in rapeseed cultivars with different sowing date. Korean J. Plant Res. 27 : 80-88. https://doi.org/10.7732/KJPR.2014.27.1.080
  16. Lee, T. S., Lee, Y. H., Kim, K. S., Lee, H. K., Jang, Y. S., Choi, I. H., and Kim, K. S. 2014b. Effect of sowing time on oil content and fatty acid composition characteristics in rapeseed cultivars. Korean J. Plant Res. 27 : 202-208. https://doi.org/10.7732/KJPR.2014.27.2.202
  17. Lee, Y. H., Kim, K. S., Lee, J. E., Cha, Y. L., Moon, Y. H., Song, Y. S., Jeong, E. G., Ahn, S. J., and Park, W. 2018. Comprehensive transcriptome profiling in relation to seed storage compounds in tetralocular Brassica rapa. J. Plant Growth Regul. 37 : 867-882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-018-9784-0
  18. Leskovar, D. I., Cantliffe, D. J., and Stoffella, P. J. 1994. Transplant production systems influence growth and yield of fresh-market tomatoes. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119 : 662-668. https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.4.662
  19. Leskovar, D. I., and Othman, Y. A. 2021. Direct seeding and transplanting influence root dynamics, Morpho-physiology, yield, and head quality of globe artichoke. Plants. 10 : 899. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050899
  20. Palma, A. C., and Laurance, S. G. 2015. A review of the use of direct seeding and seedling plantings in restoration: what do we know and where should we go?. Appl. Veg. Sci. 18 : 561-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12173
  21. Park, C. B., Kang, C. W., Kim, D. H., and Lee, B.H. 1999. Investigation of the marginal direct planting time for grain and leaf perilla variety. Korean J. Crop Sci. 44 (suppl.1) : 204-205.
  22. Park, J. S. 2005. Responses on the agronomic characteristics for different sowing times with perilla (Perilla ocimoides L.). Korean J. Plant Res. 18 : 433-440.
  23. Park, J. K., Han, W. Y., Han, K. S., Ryu, J. S., Won, O. J., Jeong, T. U., Yoon, Y. H., and Bae, J. W. 2020. Seeding soils and tray types mediate growth characteristics of perilla seedlings. Korean J. Crop Sci. 65 : 63-71
  24. RDA, Rural Development Administration. 2012. Criteria for agricultural research and investigation.
  25. Safi, S., Kamgar, H., A., Zand, P., S., Emam, Y., and Honar, T. 2019. Evaluation of yield, actual crop evapotranspiration and water productivity of two canola cultivars as influenced by transplanting and seeding and deficit irrigation. Int. J. Plant Prod. 13 : 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42106-018-0031-1
  26. Sattar, A., Cheema, M. A., Wahid, M., Saleem, M. F., Ghaffari, M., Hussain, S., and Arshad, M. 2013. Effect of sowing time on seed yield and oil contents of canola varieties. J. Glob. Innov. Agric. Soc. Sci. 1 : 1-4.
  27. Shanklin, J., and Cahoon, E. B. 1998. Desaturation and related modifications of fatty acids. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 49 : 611-641. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.611
  28. Voelker, T., and Kinney, A. J. 2001. Variations in the biosynthesis of seed-storage lipids. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 52 : 335-361. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.335
  29. Walton, G., Si, P., and Bowden, B. 1999. Environmental impact on canola yield and oil. 10th International Rapeseed Congress. 26-29.
  30. Wang, Y., Lu, J., Li, X., Li, J., Liu, P., Xu, W., and Yang, Y. 2011. Study on nitrogen fertilizer effect and optimum fertilizer rate for transplanting and direct-seeding rapeseed. Sci. Agric. Sin. 44 : 4406-4414.
  31. Yu, S. H., Jun, H. J., Choi, I. S., Kim, J. G., Lee, S. H., Kang, Y. K., and Choi, Y. 2018. Study on compatibility between plug tray sowing, seedling and transplanters for planting mechanization of perilla. Proceedings of the KSAM & ARCs 2018 Autumn Conference. p. 95.