References
- Despres JP, Lemieux I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature 2006;444:881-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05488
- Despres JP, Lemieux I, Bergeron J, Pibarot P, Mathieu P, Larose E, Rodes-Cabau J, Bertrand OF, Poirier P. Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008;28:1039-49. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159228
- Grundy SM. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2595-600. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0372
- Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. 2017 Obesity Fact Sheet. Seoul: Korean Society for the Study of Obesity; 2017.
- Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. 2018 Obesity Fact Sheet. Seoul: Korean Society for the Study of Obesity; 2018.
- Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, Nathan DM; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002;346:393-403. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa012512
- Gill JM, Malkova D. Physical activity, fitness and cardiovascular disease risk in adults: interactions with insulin resistance and obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2006;110:409-25. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20050207
- Ziccardi P, Nappo F, Giugliano G, Esposito K, Marfella R, Cioffi M, D'Andrea F, Molinari AM, Giugliano D. Reduction of inflammatory cytokine concentrations and improvement of endothelial functions in obese women after weight loss over one year. Circulation 2002;105:804-9. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc0702.104279
- Cornier MA, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL, Lindstrom RC, Steig AJ, Stob NR, Van Pelt RE, Wang H, Eckel RH. The metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev 2008;29:777-822. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2008-0024
- Dunkley AJ, Charles K, Gray LJ, Camosso-Stefinovic J, Davies MJ, Khunti K. Effectiveness of interventions for reducing diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in people with metabolic syndrome: systematic review and mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012;14:616-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01571.x
- Oh EG, Bang SY, Hyun SS, Kim SH, Chu SH, Jeon JY, Im JA, Lee MK, Lee JE. Effects of a 6-month lifestyle modification intervention on the cardiometabolic risk factors and health-related qualities of life in women with metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2010;59:1035-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2009.10.027
- Yamaoka K, Tango T. Effects of lifestyle modification on metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2012;10:138. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-138
- Hays NP, Bathalon GP, McCrory MA, Roubenoff R, Lipman R, Roberts SB. Eating behavior correlates of adult weight gain and obesity in healthy women aged 55-65 y. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:476-83. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/75.3.476
- Sacks FM, Bray GA, Carey VJ, Smith SR, Ryan DH, Anton SD, McManus K, Champagne CM, Bishop LM, Laranjo N, Leboff MS, Rood JC, de Jonge L, Greenway FL, Loria CM, Obarzanek E, Williamson DA. Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. N Engl J Med 2009;360:859-73. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0804748
- Livingston E, Zylke JW. JAMA obesity theme issue: call for papers. JAMA 2012;307:970-1.
- Roberto CA, Kawachi I. Behavioral Economics and Public Health. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 2015. p.133-60.
- Pontzer H, Raichlen DA, Wood BM, Mabulla AZ, Racette SB, Marlowe FW. Hunter-gatherer energetics and human obesity. PLoS One 2012;7:e40503. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040503
- Fock KM, Khoo J. Diet and exercise in management of obesity and overweight. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28 Suppl 4:59-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.12407
- American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, Obesity Expert Panel, 2013. Executive summary: Guidelines (2013) for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Obesity Society published by the Obesity Society and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Based on a systematic review from the The Obesity Expert Panel, 2013. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014;22 Suppl 2:S5-39. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20821
- Ryan DH, Kahan S. Guideline recommendations for obesity management. Med Clin North Am 2018;102:49-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.006
- Strychar I. Diet in the management of weight loss. CMAJ 2006;174:56-63. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.045037
- Astrup A, Ryan L, Grunwald GK, Storgaard M, Saris W, Melanson E, Hill JO. The role of dietary fat in body fatness: evidence from a preliminary meta-analysis of ad libitum low-fat dietary intervention studies. Br J Nutr 2000;83 Suppl 1:S25-32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114500000921
- Slentz CA, Duscha BD, Johnson JL, Ketchum K, Aiken LB, Samsa GP, Houmard JA, Bales CW, Kraus WE. Effects of the amount of exercise on body weight, body composition, and measures of central obesity: STRRIDE--a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:31-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.1.31
- Franz MJ, VanWormer JJ, Crain AL, Boucher JL, Histon T, Caplan W, Bowman JD, Pronk NP. Weight-loss outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of weight-loss clinical trials with a minimum 1-year follow-up. J Am Diet Assoc 2007;107:1755-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.017
- Park J, Kim H. Short-term effects of a lifestyle intervention program on eating behaviors, physical activity and cardiovascular risks in Korean adults. Korean J Health Educ Promot 2014;31:37-49. https://doi.org/10.14367/kjhep.2014.31.4.37
- National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) final report. Circulation 2002;106:3143-421. https://doi.org/10.1161/circ.106.25.3143
- Oh SW. Obesity and metabolic syndrome in Korea. Diabetes Metab J 2011;35:561-6. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.6.561
- Park J, Kim H, Cho S, Cho HI. The effects of "Healthy Life Plan" program on the management of obesity for Korean adults: a pilot study. Korean J Health Educ Promot 2012;29:89-101.
- Yoo S, Kim H, Cho HI. Improvements in the metabolic syndrome and stages of change for lifestyle behaviors in Korean older adults. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2012;3:85-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.04.007
- Clark MM, Abrams DB, Niaura RS, Eaton CA, Rossi JS. Self-efficacy in weight management. J Consult Clin Psychol 1991;59:739-44. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.59.5.739
- Kim WY, Cho MS, Lee HS. Development and validation of mini dietary assessment index for Koreans. Korean J Nutr 2003;36:83-92.
- Van Strien T, Frijters JE, Bergers GP, Defares PB. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior. Int J Eat Disord 1986;5:295-315. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(198602)5:2<295::AID-EAT2260050209>3.0.CO;2-T
- Michels N, Sioen I, Braet C, Eiben G, Hebestreit A, Huybrechts I, Vanaelst B, Vyncke K, De Henauw S. Stress, emotional eating behaviour and dietary patterns in children. Appetite 2012;59:762-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.08.010
- Striegel-Moore RH, Morrison JA, Schreiber G, Schumann BC, Crawford PB, Obarzanek E. Emotioninduced eating and sucrose intake in children: the NHLBI Growth and Health Study. Int J Eat Disord 1999;25:389-98. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199905)25:4<389::AID-EAT3>3.0.CO;2-4
- Braet C, Van Strien T. Assessment of emotional, externally induced and restrained eating behaviour in nine to twelve-year-old obese and non-obese children. Behav Res Ther 1997;35:863-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00045-4
- Nguyen-Michel ST, Unger JB, Spruijt-Metz D. Dietary correlates of emotional eating in adolescence. Appetite 2007;49:494-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.005
- Moens E, Braet C. Predictors of disinhibited eating in children with and without overweight. Behav Res Ther 2007;45:1357-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2006.10.001
- Macht M. How emotions affect eating: a five-way model. Appetite 2008;50:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.07.002
- Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling 1999;6:1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
- MacCallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM. Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychol Methods 1996;1:130-49. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130
- Duncan O. Introduction to Structural Equation Models. New York (NY): Academic Press; 1975. p.149-68
- Fagan J, Barnett M. The relationship between maternal gatekeeping, paternal competence, mothers' attitudes about the father role, and father involvement. J Fam Issues 2003;24:1020-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513x03256397
- Roach JB, Yadrick MK, Johnson JT, Boudreaux LJ, Forsythe WA 3rd, Billon W. Using self-efficacy to predict weight loss among young adults. J Am Diet Assoc 2003;103:1357-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(03)01072-1
- Pells JJ, Shelby RA, Keefe FJ, Dixon KE, Blumenthal JA, Lacaille L, Tucker JM, Schmitt D, Caldwell DS, Kraus VB. Arthritis self-efficacy and self-efficacy for resisting eating: relationships to pain, disability, and eating behavior in overweight and obese individuals with osteoarthritic knee pain. Pain 2008;136:340-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2007.07.012
- Glasofer DR, Haaga DA, Hannallah L, Field SE, Kozlosky M, Reynolds J, Yanovski JA, Tanofsky-Kraff M. Self-efficacy beliefs and eating behavior in adolescent girls at-risk for excess weight gain and binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2013;46:663-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22160
- Mansyur CL, Pavlik VN, Hyman DJ, Taylor WC, Goodrick GK. Self-efficacy and barriers to multiple behavior change in low-income African Americans with hypertension. J Behav Med 2013;36:75-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-012-9403-7
- Doerksen SE, McAuley E. Social cognitive determinants of dietary behavior change in university employes. Front Public Health 2014;2:23.
- Nothwehr F. Self-efficacy and its association with use of diet-related behavioral strategies and reported dietary intake. Health Educ Behav 2008;35:698-706. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198106296771
- Deutekom M, Vansenne F, McCaffery K, Essink-Bot ML, Stronks K, Bossuyt PM. The effects of screening on health behaviour: a summary of the results of randomized controlled trials. J Public Health (Oxf) 2011;33:71-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdq050
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund OXCHECK Study Group. Effectiveness of health checks conducted by nurses in primary care: final results of the OXCHECK study. BMJ 1995;310:1099-104. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6987.1099
- Wood D, Kinmonth A, Davies G, Yarwood J, Thompson S, Pyke S, Kok Y, Cramb R, Le Guen C, Marteau T, Durrington PN; Family Heart Study Group. Randomised controlled trial evaluating cardiovascular screening and intervention in general practice: principal results of British family heart study. BMJ 1994;308:313-20. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6924.313
- Hutchison B, Birch S, Evans CE, Goldsmith LJ, Markham BA, Frank J, Paterson M. Screening for hypercholesterolaemia in primary care: randomised controlled trial of postal questionnaire appraising risk of coronary heart disease. BMJ 1998;316:1208-13. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.316.7139.1208
- Hwang WJ, Hong O, Kim MJ. Factors associated with blue-collar workers' risk perception of cardiovascular disease. J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42:1095-104. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.7.1095
- Kaufman DJ, Bollinger JM, Dvoskin RL, Scott JA. Risky business: risk perception and the use of medical services among customers of DTC personal genetic testing. J Genet Couns 2012;21:413-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10897-012-9483-0
- Sheeran P, Harris PR, Epton T. Does heightening risk appraisals change people's intentions and behavior? A meta-analysis of experimental studies. Psychol Bull 2014;140:511-43. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033065
- Kromhout D, Bosschieter EB, de Lezenne Coulander C. The inverse relation between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1985;312:1205-9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198505093121901
- Mensink RP, Zock PL, Kester AD, Katan MB. Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:1146-55. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/77.5.1146
- Singh IM, Shishehbor MH, Ansell BJ. High-density lipoprotein as a therapeutic target: a systematic review. JAMA 2007;298:786-98. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.7.786
- Webb TL, Joseph J, Yardley L, Michie S. Using the internet to promote health behavior change: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of theoretical basis, use of behavior change techniques, and mode of delivery on efficacy. J Med Internet Res 2010;12:e4. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1376
- Michie S, Abraham C, Whittington C, McAteer J, Gupta S. Effective techniques in healthy eating and physical activity interventions: a meta-regression. Health Psychol 2009;28:690-701. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016136
- Hill JO, Peters JC. Environmental contributions to the obesity epidemic. Science 1998;280:1371-4. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5368.1371
- Gupta SK. Intention-to-treat concept: a review. Perspect Clin Res 2011;2:109-12. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.83221
- Courtenay WH, McCreary DR, Merighi JR. Gender and ethnic differences in health beliefs and behaviors. J Health Psychol 2002;7:219-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105302007003216
- Furnham A, Kirkcaldy B. Age and sex differences in health beliefs and behaviours. Psychol Rep 1997;80:63-6. https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.80.1.63-66
- Wardle J, Steptoe A, Bellisle F, Davou B, Reschke K, Lappalainen R, Fredrikson M. Healthy dietary practices among European students. Health Psychol 1997;16:443-50. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.16.5.443
- Deeks A, Lombard C, Michelmore J, Teede H. The effects of gender and age on health related behaviors. BMC Public Health 2009;9:213. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-213
- Son HJ, Lee KE. The influence of health concern, health anxiety, and communication with healthcare providers on health information seeking behavior on the internet. J Health Inform Stat 2019;44:73-82. https://doi.org/10.21032/jhis.2019.44.1.73
- Kim NJ. A study on the relation of health concern, health behavior, and subjective health status between the aged and the preliminary aged group. J Korea Soc Health Educ Promot 2000;17:99-110.
- Yoon CK. The study on the relationship between health concern, health behavior, and subjective health cognition. J Korean Soc Health Inform Health Stat 2004;29:37-46.