DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Factor Influencing Employee Performance: The Role of Organizational Culture

  • DIANA, Ilfi Nur (Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim) ;
  • SUPRIYANTO, Achmad Sani (Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim) ;
  • EKOWATI, Vivin Maharani (Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim) ;
  • ERTANTO, Arga Hendra (Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim)
  • Received : 2020.11.05
  • Accepted : 2021.01.08
  • Published : 2021.02.28

Abstract

This study examines the role of Leadership style and Organizational culture in predicting employee Performance. The aim of the research is: 1) to know the direct effect of Democratic Leadership on employee Performance, 2) to know the direct effect of Democratic Leadership on organizational culture, 3) to know the direct effect of Organizational culture on employee Performance, 4) to test the role of Organizational culture as mediation the effect of Democratic Leadership on employee Performance. The respondents were all employees at the Education Office East Java. The sampling method was used to collect data from 106 employees at the Education Office East Java, Indonesia, using surveys and questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed using the Path Analysis with SPSS statistical software. The study had four findings. Firstly, Democratic Leadership has a significant effect on employee Performance. Secondly, Democratic Leadership also has a significant effect on Organizational culture. Thirdly, Organizational culture has a significant effect on employee performance. Fourthly, organizational culture mediates the effect of Democratic Leadership on employee Performance. Furthermore, the direct effect of Leadership style and the mediation role contribute to knowledge. The results showed that implementing Democratic Leadership supported by a conducive organizational culture guides employee to perform better.

Keywords

References

  1. Abidin, R. Z., Rabia, Q., Samia, N., & Hodifah, F. (2020). Effect of Organization Culture On Public Sector Organizational Performance: A Case Of Jordan. International Journal of Academic Management Science Research, 4(5), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9756/iajafm/v5i2/1810013
  2. Agarwal, S. (2020). Leadership Style and Performance Of Employees. International Research Journal of Business Studies, 13(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.13.1.1-14
  3. Al-Khajeh, E. H. (2018). Impact of Leadership Styles On Organizational Performance. Journal of Human Resources Management Research, 2018(10), 1-10. https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/JHRMR/2018/687849/687849-1.pdf https://doi.org/10.5171/2018.687849
  4. Al-Khaled, A. A. S. & Fenn, C. J. (2020). The Impact of Leadership Styles On Organizational Performance. Berjaya Journal of Service and Management, 13(1), 55-62. https://zenodo.org/record/3766106#.X9l7tdgzZPY
  5. Astuti, S. D., Shodikin, A., & Din, M. U. (2020). Islamic Leadership, Islamic Work Culture, and Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(11), 1059-1068. doi:10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no11.1059
  6. Aycan, Z. (2006). Paternalism: towards conceptual refinement and operationalization. In: Yang, K.S., Hwang, K.K. and Kim, U. (Eds), Indigenous and Cultural Psychology: Understanding People in Context. New York, NY: Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-28662-4_20
  7. Bhargavi, S., & Ali, Y. (2016). Leadership Styles and Organizational Performance. Strategic Management Quarterly, 4(1), 87-117. http://smqnet.com/journals/smq/Vol_4_No_1_March_2016/5.pdf
  8. Bararuallo, F. (2019). Introduction to Business (Principles, Concepts, Theory, and Strategy). Jakarta, Indonesia: Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya.
  9. Basit, A., Veronica, S., & Zubair, H. (2017). Impact of Leadership Style on Employee Performance(A case study on Private Organization In Malaysia). International Journal of Accounting & Business Management, 5(2), 112-121.
  10. Buekens, W. (2013). Coping with the innovation paradoxes: the challenge for a new game leadership. Procedia Economics and Finance, 6, 205-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(13)00133-0
  11. Chen, X. P., Eberly, M. B., Chiang, T. J., Farh, J. L., & Cheng, B. S. (2016). Affective trust in Chinese leaders: linking paternalistic leadership to employee performance. Journal of Management, 40(3), 796-819. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311410604
  12. Chesbrough, H. (2011). Bringing open innovation to services. MIT Sloan Management Review, 52(2), 85-90. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/bringing-open-innovation-to-services/
  13. Busro, M. (2018). Human Resource Management Theories. Jakarta, Indonesia: Prenadamedia Group.
  14. Bintoro dan Daryanto. (2017). Employee Performance Appraisal. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Gava Media.
  15. Engelen, A., Schmidt, S., Strenger, L., & Brettel, M. (2014). Top management's transformational leader behaviors and innovation orientation: a cross-cultural perspective in eight countries. Journal of International Management, 20(2), 124-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2013.04.003
  16. Fahmi, I. (2016). Human Resource Management Concepts & Performance. Jakarta, Indonesia: Mitra Wacana Media.
  17. Ghozali, I. (2013). Multivariate Analysis with IBM SPSS. Semarang, Indonesia: Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
  18. Gu, J., Wang, G., Liu, H., Song, D. and He, C. (2018). Linking authoritarian leadership to employee creativity: the influence of leader-member exchange, team identification and power distance. Chinese Management Studies, 12(2), 384-406. doi:10.1108/CMS-10-2017-0294
  19. Ha, V. D. (2020). Impact of Organizational Culture on the Accounting Information System and Operational Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(2), 301-308. doi:10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no2.301
  20. Harms, P. D., Wood, D., Landay, K., Lester, P. B., & Lester, G. V. (2018). Autocratic leaders and authoritarian followers revisited: a review and agenda for the future. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(1), 105-122. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.12.007
  21. Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalising cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
  22. Iqbal, N., Anwar, S., & Haider, N. (2015). Effect of Leadership Style On Employee Performance; Arabian Journal of Business And Management Review, 5(5), 1-6. https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/effect-of-leadership-style-on-employee-performance-2223-5833-1000146.pdf
  23. Jyoti, J., & Bhau, S. (2015). Impact Of Transformational Leadership On Job Performance: Mediating Role Of Leader-Member Exchange And Relational Identification, SAGE OPEN, October-December, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015612518
  24. Joseph, O. O. & Kibera, F. (2019). Organizational Culture And Performance: Evidence From Microfinance Institutions In Kenya. SAGE OPEN, January-March, 1-11 https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019835934
  25. Kang, J. H., Solomon, G. T., & Choi, D. Y. (2015). CEOs'leadership styles and managers'innovative behaviour: Investigation of intervening effects in an entrepreneurial context. Journal of Management Studies, 52(4), 531-554. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12125
  26. Kartono, K. (2016). Leader and leadership. Jakarta, Indonesia: Raja Grafindo Persada.
  27. Klein, M. (2019). Democratizing Leadership: Pre-conflict Preventative Peacebuilding. Peace, Reconciliation and Social Justice Leadership in the 21st Century (Building Leadership Bridges, 8, 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2058-880120190000008021
  28. Kustono, A. S. (2020). How Total Quality Management Mediates Antecedent Variables of Employee Performance? Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(12), 523-534. doi:10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no12.523
  29. Lai, Y. F., Tang, H. C., Lu, S. C., Lee, Y. C., Lin, C. C. (2020). Transformational Leadership And Job Performance: The Mediating Role Of Work Engagement. SAGE OPEN, January-March, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899085
  30. Landum, N. E., Howell, J. P., & Paris, L. (2000). Leadership for strategic change. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 21(3), 150-156. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730010325031
  31. Luca, M. M. D., Parente, P. H. N., Emanoel, M. S. S., Sousa, R. R. (2018). The Effect Of Creative Corporate Culture And Intangibility On The Performance Of Foreign Firms Trade On The NYSE, Innovation & Management Review, 15(4), 356-372. https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-07-2018-0049
  32. Li, W., Bhutto, T. A., Nasiri, A. R., Shaikh, H. A. and Samo, F. A. (2018). Organizational innovation: The role of leadership and organizational culture. International Journal of Public Leadership, 14(1), 33-47. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPL-06-2017-0026
  33. Maamari, B. E., & Saheb, A. (2018). How organizational culture and leadership style affect employees' performance of genders. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 26(4), 630-651. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-04-2017-1151
  34. Mgbere, O. (2009). Exploring the Relationship between Organizational Culture, Leadership Styles and Corporate Performance: An Overview. Journal of Strategic Management Education, 5(3/4), 187-201. https://www.econbiz.de/Record/exploring-the-relationship-between-organizational-culture-leadership-styles-and-corporate-performance-an-overview-mgbere-osaro/10009911589
  35. Mulugeta, A. (2020). The Effect Of Organizational Culture On Employees Performance In Public Service Organization Of Dire Dawa Administration. Developing Country Studies, 10(5), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.7176/dcs/10-5-03
  36. Nguyen, T. V. N., Do, T. Q., Dinh, C. H. (2020). Factors Affecting Employees' Organizational Commitment in Foreign Direct Investment Enterprises. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), 413-421. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.413
  37. Nikpour, A. (2017). The Impact Of Organizational Culture On Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role Of Employee's Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 6, 65-72. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2017.60432
  38. Normore, A. H., & Jean‐Marie, G. (2008). Female secondary school leaders: at the helm of social justice, democratic schooling and equity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 29(2), 182-205. https://doi.org/10.1108 https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730810852515
  39. Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership theory and practices. Jakarta, Indonesia: Indeks.
  40. Pawirosumarto, S., Sarjana, P. K., & Gunawan, R. (2017). The effect of work environment, leadership style, and organizational culture towards job satisfaction and its implication towards employee performance in Parador hotels and resorts, Indonesia. International Journal of Law and Management, 59(6), 1337-1358. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-10-2016-0085
  41. Raelin, J. A. (2012). Dialogue and deliberation as expressions of democratic leadership in participatory organizational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 25(1), 7-23. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534811211199574
  42. Ribeiro, N., Gomes, D., & Kurian, S. (2018). Authentic Leadership And Performance: The Mediating Role Of Employees' Affective Commitment. Social Responsibility Journal, 14(1), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1108/srj-06-2017-0111
  43. Robbins, S. P. (2006). Organizational Behavior. Jakarta, Indonesia: PT Indeks Kelompok Gramedia.
  44. Robbins, S. P., & Timothy A. J. (2016). Organizational Behavior. Jakarta, Indonesia: Salemba Empat.
  45. Robbins, S. P., & Coutler, M. (2010). Management. Jakarta, Indonesia: Erlangga.
  46. Saleem, F., Zhang Z. Y., Gopinath, C., & Adeel, A. (2020). Impact Of Servant Leadership On Performance: The Mediating Role Of Affective And Cognitive Trust, SAGE OPEN, January-March, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900562
  47. Supriyanto, S. A., Ekowati, V. M., Idris., Susminingsih., & Iswanto, B. (2020), Leadership Styles as a Predictor of the Voluntary Work Behaviors of Bank Employees, International. Journal of Economics and Management, 12(2), 393-405.
  48. Sinambela, L. P.(2012). Performance, measurement, and implication. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Graha Ilmu.
  49. Shahzad, F. (2014). Impact Of Organizational Culture On Employees' Job Performance An Empirical Study Of Software Houses In Pakistan. International Journal Of Commerce And Management, 24(3), 219-227. DOI:10.1108/IJCoMA-07-2012-0046
  50. Sharma, I. B., & Singh, K. (2013). A Study on the Democratic Style of Leadership. International Journal of Management & Information Technology, 3(2), 54-57. https://doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v3i2.1367
  51. Siddigue, C. M., Siddigue, H. F., & Siddique, S. U. (2020). Linking authoritarian leadership to employee organizational embeddedness, LMX and performance in a high-power distance culture: a mediation-moderated analysis. Journal of Strategy and Management, 13(3), 393-411. DOI: 10.1108/JSMA-10-2019-0185
  52. Siddique, C. M., & Siddique, H. F. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of managerial decision-making in the Arabian Gulf. Management Research Review. doi:10.1108/MRR-02-2018-0047.
  53. Supriyanto, A. S., & Maharani, V. (2013). Research Methodology: theory, questioner, and data analysis. Malang, Indonesia: UIN-Maliki Press.
  54. Tian, Q., & Sanchez, J. I. (2017). Does paternalistic leadership promote innovative behavior? The interaction between authoritarianism and benevolence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 47(5), 235-246. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12431
  55. Trang, D. S. (2013). Leadership style and organizational culture influence employee performance. Jurnal EMBA, 1(3), 208-2016.
  56. Vargas, M. I. R. (2015). Determinant factors for small business to achieve innovation, high performance and competitiveness: organizational learning and leadership style. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 169, 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.284
  57. Wang, H., & Guan, B. (2018) The Positive Effect of Authoritarian Leadership on Employee Performance: The Moderating Role of Power Distance. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(357), 1-10. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00357
  58. Wilson, D. E. (2020). Moving toward democratic-transformational leadership in academic libraries. Library Management, 41(8/9), 731-744. https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-03-2020-0044
  59. Yukl, G. A. (2017). Leadership in Organizations. New York, NY: Pearson.

Cited by

  1. The Effect of Leadership Style on Organizational Commitment and Employee Performance: An Empirical Study from Indonesia vol.8, pp.12, 2021, https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no12.0141