DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Development and Effectiveness of the Interpersonal Caring Program for Young North Korean Defectors

탈북청소년을 위한 대인간호중재 프로그램의 개발 및 효과

  • Received : 2019.11.14
  • Accepted : 2020.08.19
  • Published : 2020.09.30

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the interpersonal caring program for young North Korean defectors which we developed based on Kim's interpersonal caring technique. Methods: This study employs a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study are 36 young North Korean defectors living in three areas. The participants are recruited through alternative schools, churches, and acquaintances. The experimental group consists of 20 participants and the control group consists of 16 participants. Experiments are conducted by four days. Specifically, the experiments are conducted eight times and each takes about 120 minutes. Furthermore, we run the camp for two nights and three days. We test our hypothesis by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Independent t-test, Paired t-test, and Independent t-test. Results: All the test statistics support our hypotheses such as self-esteem (t=1.87, p=.035), mental health (t=-1.69, p=.049), interpersonal relationships (t=1.93, p=.031), and quality of life (t=1.88, p=.034). Conclusion: We found that the interpersonal caring program developed in this study is effective in improving North Korean defectors' self-esteem, mental health, interpersonal relationships, and quality of life.

Keywords

References

  1. Ministry of Unification. 2019 unification white paper [Internet]. Seoul: Ministry of Unification. 2019 [cited 2019 September 29]. Available from: https://unikorea.go.kr/books/whitepaper/whitepaper/white_2019/index.html
  2. Lee KY, Kim MK. Diversity of youths with a background of defection from north korea: Assistance policy analysis and implications. The Journal of Northeast Asia Research. 2015;30(2): 93-129. https://doi.org/10.18013/JNAR.2015.30.2.004
  3. Korean Educational Development Institute. 2019 North Korean Student Statistics [Internet]. Chungcheongbukdo: 2011 [cited 2019 September 29]. Available from: http://www.hub4u.or.kr/hub/data/selectDataForm.do
  4. Kim YH. Factors affecting school drop-out intention of north korean refugee youth. Korean Journal of Social Welfare. 2009; 61(4):191-215. https://doi.org/10.20970/kasw.2009.61.4.008
  5. Lee HK. North Korean Students in the South Korean School System. Journal of Human Studies. 2007;(12):7-32.
  6. Kim HK. A study on posttraumatic growth among north korean adolescent refugees. The Korean Journal of Cultural Sociology. 2013;14(1):225-262. https://doi.org/10.17328/kjcs.2013.14.1.006
  7. Kim HK, Shin HK. A comparison of the mental health problems of North Korean adolescent defectors and South Korean adolescents: Focused on gender and age. The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology. 2015;20(3):347-367. https://doi.org/10.18205/KPA.2015.20.3.006
  8. Sihn M. Adolescent quality of life questionnaire: Validity and reliability study. Korean Journal of Youth Welfare. 2012;14(1):163-194.
  9. Kim YY, Son MA, Kim SH. Effects of family and social relations on happiness of North Korean adolescent refugees in South Korea. Korean Journal of Population Studies. 2018;41(2):179-205. https://doi.org/10.31693/KJPS.2018.06.41.2.179
  10. Seo M, Yang DH, Kim HY. The development of the peer counseling program for North Korean youth. The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling. 2017;25(1):197-223. https://doi.org/10.35151/kyci.2017.25.1.010
  11. Jin MJ, Hyun MH. The effect of forgiveness education program on social support and acculturative stress of North Korean defector adolescents. Korean Journal of Youth Studies. 2014;21(9):351-370.
  12. Byun MH, Kang KJ. The effect of a group art therapy to improve self-esteem on North Korean youths in South Korea. Korean Journal of Youth Studies. 2005;12(1):127-150.
  13. Ro EH, Oh IS. A study on counseling and educational interventions for north korean defector's children born in the third counties: Focused on school based mental health program. The Korean Journal of Unification Affairs. 2018;30(2):227-264. https://doi.org/10.46561/KUA.2018.30.2.07
  14. Choi SK, Park SM, Joung HJ. Development of a comprehensive health promotion program for North Korean young adult defectors in South Korea. Journal of Korean Society of School Health. 2009;22(1):73-83.
  15. Kim S. International conference on interpersonal relationships in community-based mental health nursing: Application of interpersonal relationship in korean community-based mental health nursing. Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University. 1997;61-78.
  16. Kim S. Interpersonal caring techniques: Concepts and quasi experimental research. Comprehensive Treatment of Schizophrenia. 2002;8:238-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68514-2_26
  17. Kim S. Interpersonal caring. 1st ed. Seoul: Soomoonsa; 2012. 120 p.
  18. Kim SS, Kang YO, Kim SN, Lee JS, Lee KJ, Yu SJ, et al. Community-based mental health nursing program for rehabilitation of long-term psychiatric patients. Korean Journal of Nursing Query. 1998;7(1):100-124.
  19. Cho HS. The effects of psychosocial rehabilitation nursing program for chronic-mental inpatients of long-term psychiatric hospital. Korean Society of Nursing Science. 2004;5(0):144.
  20. Choi EJ, Lee YE. Development and effects of interpersonal caring program for vulnerable adolescents in mental health clinics. Child Health Nursing Research. 2010;16(3):184-194. https://doi.org/10.4094/jkachn.2010.16.3.184
  21. Kim EJ, Gwon ES, Lee HS, Lee SY, Park IH, Jung DN, et al. Effects of a quality of life stress-management program on stress coping methods interpersonal relations, an in patients with chronic mental illness. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2011;20(4):423-433. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2011.20.4.423
  22. Rosenberg M. Society and adolescent self image. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1965. 326 p. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2011.20.4.423
  23. Jon BJ. Self-esteem: A test of its measurability. Collection of Treatises of Yonsei University. 1974;11(1):107-130.
  24. Ministry of Education and Science Technology. 2012 Adolescent Mental Health and Problem Behavior Screening Questionnaire-IIand Management Manual [Internet]. Jeollanamdo; Jeollanamdo office of education. 2018 [cited 2020 February 11]. Available from: https://www.jne.go.kr/upload_data/Synap/BBS_0000197/20120305_212112_025984100.htm
  25. Schlein SP, Guerney BG. Stover L. The interpersonal relationship scale. In: Guerney BG, editor. Relationship Enhancement. SanFrancisco (CA): Josey-Bass; 1977. p. 349-354.
  26. Moon SM. A study on effect of interpersonal relationship training group counseling. The Journal of Gyeongsang National University. 1980;19(2):195-204.
  27. Choi EJ, Lee YE. Effects of interpersonal caring program on the mental health among vulnerable female high school students of mental health. The Journal of Civic Youth Studies. 2013;4(2):1-23.
  28. Park JH, Yu HK, Cho YS. The development of a class-based group counseling program to improve interpersonal relationship ability for high school student. Korean Journal of Teacher Education. 2013;29(4):47-72. https://doi.org/10.14333/KJTE.2013.29.4.47
  29. Kim UC, Park YS. Factors influencing the quality of life for korean adolescents and adults at home, school, work and leisure settings: Indigenous psychological analysis. Korean Journal of Health Psychology. 2006;9(4):973-1002.