Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers (한국추진공학회지)

The Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers (한국추진공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Technology and Development Trends of Small Launch Vehicles

소형발사체 개발 및 최신 기술 동향

  • Choi, Junsub (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Graduate School of Chungnam National University) ;
  • Huh, Hwanil (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Ki, Wonkeun (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Graduate School of Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2020.04.27
  • Accepted : 2020.09.17
  • Published : 2020.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Recently, a new space era has evolved in which commercial companies' led space development has begun. In this era, commercial companies actively participate in space development as the size of the small satellite market and small launch vehicle market is expanding. Through space development, developed countries are making efforts to reduce development, production, and operation costs to secure the competitiveness of small launch vehicles. In this study, the development trend of small launch vehicles and required technologies for space development were analyzed and summarized. Thus, research and development is urgently needed so that spin-on technologies, such as electric pumps and additive manufacturing, can be utilized for space development.

최근 민간이 우주개발을 주도하는 뉴스페이스 시대가 시작되었다. 뉴스페이스 시대는 소형위성 시장 및 소형발사체 시장의 규모가 확대됨에 따라 민간이 우주개발에 적극 참여하는 시대라고 할 수 있다. 우주개발 선진국에서는 소형발사체의 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해 개발/제작/운용비용의 감소시키는 노력을 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 도전적인 우주개발을 위한 국외 소형발사체 개발 동향 및 소요 기술의 동향을 분석하고 요약하였다. 소요 기술 중 전기 펌프, 적층 제조 등 spin-on 기술을 우주개발기술에 활용하기 위한 연구 개발이 시급하게 필요하다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 충남대학교 학술연구비에 의해 지원되었음.

References

  1. Weinzierl, M., "Space, the Final Frontier," Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 32, No. 2, p. 173, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.32.2.173
  2. "Bryce Space and Technology," retrieved 25 Nov. 2019 from https://www.sia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/SIA-SSIR-2017.
  3. "Small-satellite Launch Service Revenues to Pass $69 Billion by 2030," retrieved 25 Nov. 2019 from https://ww2.frost.com/news/press-releases/aerospace-defense/small-satellite-launch-service-revenues-to-pass-69-billion-by-2030.
  4. Niederstrasser, C., "Small Launch Vehicles-A 2018 State of the Industry Survey," 32nd Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, Lagan, Utah, U.S.A., SSC18-IX-01, Aug. 2018.
  5. Federal Aviation Administration, "The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation:2018," 2018.
  6. "Spain's PLD Space Receives $2.4 Million Grant for Smallsat Launchers," retrieved 27 Jul. 2020 from https://spacenews.com/spains-pld-space-receives-2-4-million-grant-for-smallsat-launcher.
  7. "Firefly Alpha," retrieved 27 Jul. 2020 from https://firefly.com/launch-alpha.
  8. Kwak, H.D., Kwon, S. and Choi, C.H., "Performance Assessment of Electrically Driven Pump-fed LOX-kerosene Cycle Rocket Engine: Comparison with Gas Generator Cycle," Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol. 77, pp. 67-82, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.02.033
  9. Jeong, S.M., Kim, K.S., Oh, S. and Choi, J.Y., "New Technologies of Space Launch Vehicles including Electric-Pump Cycle Engine," Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 139-155, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5139/JKSAS.2016.44.2.139
  10. "Electric-pump-fed Engine," retrieved 25 Nov. 2019 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric-pump-fed_engine.
  11. "Rocket Lab Sets Date for First Commercial Launch of Its Electron Rocket," retrieved 25 Nov. 2019 from https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/4/17195686/rocket-lab-electron-commercial-launch-its-business-time-new-zealand.
  12. "Rocket Engine," retrieved 25 Nov. 2019 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_(rocket_engine).
  13. Lee, J., Cha, S.W., Ha, D., Kee, W., Lee, J., Huh, H., Roh, T.S. and Lee, H.J., "Research Trend Analysis on Modeling and Simulation of Liquid Propellant Supply System," Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 39-50, 2019. https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2019.23.6.039
  14. Ki, W., Lee, J., Lee, H.J., Roh, T.S. and Huh, H., "Overseas Research Trends of an Electric-Pump Cycle for Application in Upper-Stage Propulsion Systems," Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 64-67, 2020. https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2020.24.1.064
  15. Lee, J., Roh, T.S., Huh, H. and Lee, H.J., "Performance Analysis and Mass Estimation of a Small-Sized Liquid Rocket Engine with Electric-Pump Cycle," International Journal of aeronautical and Space Sciences, Accepted, 2020.
  16. Ki, W., Hwang, K.Y., Lee, J., Choi, J. and Huh, H., "A Study on Water Flow Test for Simulating Propellant Supply System of Electoric Pump Cycle," Trans. Korean Soc. Mech. Eng. B, submitted, 2020.
  17. Lee, J., Ki, W., Huh, H., Roh, T.S. and Lee, H.J., "Modeling and Validation of a Liquid Propellant Supply System in Steady State," Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers, submitted, 2020.
  18. Talik, J., Luce, J., Froelich, J.C., Shang, M., Rasheed, R.M. and Roland, J.S., "Electric Propellant Feed-System for Amateur Class High Altitude Sounding Rockets," AIAA SPACE and Astronautics Forum and Exposition, Orlando, F.L., U.S.A., AIAA 2017-5132, Sep. 2017.
  19. "Rocket Lab Unveils Battery-Powered Turb-omachinery, "retrieved 4 Feb. 2020 from https://aviationweek.com/space/rocket-labunveils-battery-powered-turbomachinery.
  20. Waxenegger-Wilfing, G., Hahn, R.H.S. and Deeken, J., "Studies on Electric Pump-fed Liquid Rocket Engines for Micro-launchers," Space Propulsion, Seville, Spain, SP2018_00452, Jul. 2018.
  21. Shimagaki, M., Nagao, N., Kawasaki, S., Kimura, T., Hashimoto, T., Takada, S., Tomita, T., Ikeda, H., Tanio, Y., Barada, T., Matake, K., Watanabe, H. and Honda, S., "Feasibility of Rocket Engine Propellant Supply Electric Pump," JAXA-RM-18-014, 2019.
  22. Budde-Meiwes, H., Drillkens, J., Lunz, B., Muennix, J., Rothgang, S., Kowal, J. and Sauer, D.U., "A Review of Current Automotive Battery Technology and Future Prospects, "Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, Vol. 227, No. 5, pp. 761-776, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407013485567
  23. Lim, H.Y., "Development Trend of Low Cost Rocket Propulsion," 51th KSPE Fall Conference, Busan, Korea, pp. 533-537, Dec. 2018.
  24. Byun, J.G. and Cho, S.M., "Trend of Metal 3D Printing by Welding," Journal of Welding and Joining, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 1-8, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5781/JWJ.2016.34.4.1
  25. Gradl, P.R., Greene, S.E., Protz, C., Bullard, B., Buzzell, J., Garcia, C., Wood, J., Cooper, K., Hulka, J. and Osborne, R., "Additive Manufacturing of Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Devices: A Summary of Process Developments and Hot-Fire Testing Results," 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A., AIAA 2018-4625, Jul. 2018.
  26. Gradl, P.R. and Protz, C., "Additive Manufacturing and Hot-fire Testing of Bimetallic GRCop-84 and C-18150 Channel-Cooled Combustion Chambers using Powder Bed Fusion and Inconel 625 Hybrid Directed Energy Deposition," AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A., AIAA 2019-4390, Aug. 2019.
  27. "Cladding and Freeform Deposition for Coolant Channel Closeout," retrieved 25 Nov. 2019 from https://technology.nasa.gov/patent/MFS-TOPS-81.
  28. Mehr, E., Ellis, T. and Noone, J., "Real-time Adaptive Control of Additive Manufacturing Processes Using Machine Learning," US10234848B2, 19 Mar. 2019.
  29. Rebrov, S.G., Golubev, V.A. and Golikov, A.N., "Laser Ignition of Oxygen-Kerosene Fuel in Rocket Technique: from Igniters to Rocket Engines," TRUDY MAI, No. 95, 2017.
  30. Rebrov, S.G., Golubev, V.A. and Golikov, A.N., "Chamber of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine or Gas Generator with Laser Ignition Device of Fuel Components, and Its Startup Method," RU2468240C1, 27 Nov. 2012.
  31. Rebrov, S.G., Golikov, A.N., Golubev, V.A., Molchanov, A.M. and Yakhina, G.R., "Numerical Simulation of Mixing Process in Combustion Chamber for Laser Ignition with Hydrogen-Oxygen and Methane-Oxygen Propellants," TRUDY MAI, No. 69, 2013.