Journal of Plant Biotechnology

The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology (한국식물생명공학회)
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Current status of comparative compositional analysis for GM crop biosafety assessment

유전자변형작물 안전성평가를 위한 영양성분 비교연구 동향

  • Kim, Eun-Ha (Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Oh, Seon-Woo (R&D Coordination Division, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Gu (Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Lee, Sung-Kon (Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Ryu, Tae-Hun (Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences)
  • 김은하 (국립농업과학원 생물안전성과) ;
  • 오선우 (농촌진흥청 연구운영과) ;
  • 이상구 (국립농업과학원 생물안전성과) ;
  • 이성곤 (국립농업과학원 생물안전성과) ;
  • 류태훈 (국립농업과학원 생물안전성과)
  • Received : 2020.11.04
  • Accepted : 2020.12.03
  • Published : 2020.12.31
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Abstract

Approvals for cultivation and import of genetically modified (GM) crops have dramatically increased around the world. Comparative compositional studies are an important aspect of safety assessments of products from GM crops and are based on substantial equivalence. Compositional analyses focus on determining similarities and differences between the compositions of the GM crops and their conventional counterparts, and thereby assessing the compositional equivalence of GM crops and their conventional comparators. The analytes, such as major constituents, key nutrients, and antinutrients, are generally determined on a crop-specific basis according to the OECD consensus document. The use of standard methods throughout the processes, such as selection of comparators, field trials, analytical methods, and statistical data analysis, is crucial. In this study, we showed the general framework of compositional studies. Literature for compositional studies of GM crops conducted abroad and in Korea was reviewed to obtain information about analytes, conventional counterparts, cultivation year, location, and statistical methods. The studies conducted abroad assessed for commercial release of GM crops such as soybean, maize, and cotton, while domestic studies were mainly performed for research in rice. In addition, we suggested a guidance for conventional comparators and field trials applicable to the domestic situation.

전세계적으로 유전자변형(GM)작물의 재배와 수입에 대한 승인이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 영양성분 비교평가는 실질적 동등성에 기반하여 GM작물의 안전성 평가에서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 영양성분 비교평가는 GM작물과 대조작물 사이의 성분함량에서 차이와 유사성을, 그리고 GM작물과 상업품종간의 성분함량의 동등성을 결정하는데 중점을 두고 있다. 분석항목은 일반성분, 주요 영양성분과 항영양소 등이며 일반적으로 OECD 합의문에서 작물별로 제안하고 있는 항목들을 포함한다. 영양성분 비교평가를 위해서는 비교군의 선정, 포장 시험, 분석방법, 데이터 통계 처리 등의 전 과정에 걸쳐 표준화된 방법을 이용하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 코덱스와 유럽식품안전청의 식품용 GM작물의 영양성분 비교평가를 위한 가이드라인을 소개하였다. 그리고 국내외의 GM작물 영양성분 비교평가 연구 논문들에 나타난 분석항목과 대조작물, 참조군 품종, 재배연도, 재배지역, 통계방법 등을 검토하였다. 해외의 경우 대두와 옥수수, 면화 GM작물에서 여러 나라 수출을 위한 규제기관의 가이드라인에 따른 연구가 많았다. 반면 국내의 경우는 GM작물 실험연구적 측면에서 비교평가 진행되었으며 주로 GM벼에서의 연구가 많았다. 마지막으로 국내에서 GM작물의 영양성분 비교평가 연구 수행에 적용할 수 있는 참조군 선정과 포장재배에 대한 가이드를 제시하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원의 기관고유 사업(과제번호: PJ01356902)의 연구지원에 의해 수행되었습니다.

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