Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
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Changes Over Time in the Community Structure and Spatial Distribution of Forest Vegetation on Mt. Yeompo, Ulsan City, South Korea

염포산 산림식생의 군락 구조 및 공간 분포의 경시적 변화

  • Received : 2020.03.16
  • Accepted : 2020.04.27
  • Published : 2020.06.30
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Abstract

In 2000 and 2018, phytosociological surveys were carried out in the forest vegetation of Mt. Yeompo, a representative isolated urban forest in Ulsan city. The trends of change in forest structure, composition, and spatial distribution were compared between years. Total percent coverage per 100 squaremeters of forest vegetation was similar, but natural vegetation showed a 9% increase. The importance of constituent species changed slightly. Specifically, Lindera erythrocarpa and Styrax japonicus showed very high growth rates of 835% and 269%, respectively. Species richness (S) and diversity (H') decreased by about 22% and 8%, respectively. Both S and H' showed slightly higher rates of decrease in artificial compared with natural vegetation. The constituent species life form spectrums were the same in 2000 and 2018 as 'MM-R5-D4-e'. The similarity (Jaccard coefficient) in the species composition of the forest vegetation was almost homogeneous at approximately 75%. The number of indicator species decreased from 16 species in 2000 to 7 species in 2018. This decrease was mostly due to a decline in herbaceous plants, such as Hemicryptophytes, Geophytes, and Therophytes, which are sensitive to disturbances. The spatial distribution of forest vegetation did not change significantly. The number of forest landscape elements (patches) increased by approximately 25% from 537 in 2000 to 721 in 2018, while the average size decreased by about 20% from 1.28 ha in 2000 to 1.03 ha in 2018.

울산광역시의 대표적인 고립된 도시숲인 염포산을 대상으로 2000년과 2018년에 산림식생에 대한 식물사회학적 식생조사를 수행하여 그 구조, 조성 및 공간 분포 변화 경향을 비교하였다. 분석 결과, 총피도(/100㎡)는 거의 변화가 없었으나 자연식생에서는 약 9%의 증가율을 보였다. 구성종의 중요치는 그 순위에 있어서는 다소간의 변화가 있었으며 난대성 수종인 비목나무와 오염내성이 강한 때죽나무가 각각 835%, 269%의 매우 높은 증가율을 보였다. 종풍부도(S)와 종다양도(H')는 각각 약 22%, 약 8%의 감소율을 보였는데 주로 하층 식생 발달에 따라 임상 식생 구성종이 자연 감소한 결과로 판단되며 모두 인공식생이 자연식생에 비해 다소 높은 감소율을 나타내었다. 생활형 조성 체계는 2000년과 2018년 모두 'MM-R5-D4-e'로 동일하게 나타났다. 전체 산림식생의 유사도(Jaccard 계수)는 약 75%로 종구성적 특성이 거의 동질적으로 나타났다. 지표종은 2000년 16종에서 2018년 7종으로 9종이 감소하였으며 대부분 교란에 민감한 반지중식물(H), 지중식물(G) 그리고 일년생식물(Th) 등 초본식물이었다. 상관식생 유형 간 공간 분포 면적은 큰 변화가 없었으며, 산림경관 요소인 패치(patch)의 개수는 2000년 537개에서 2018년 721개로 약 25%의 증가율을 보인 반면, 그 평균 크기는 2000년 1.28 ha에서 2018년 1.03 ha로 약 20%의 감소율을 보였다.

Keywords

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