Structural Engineering and Mechanics

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Biomechanical stability of internal bone-level implant: Dependency on hex or non-hex structure

  • Lee, Hyeonjong (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, PU.S.A.n National University) ;
  • Park, Si-Myung (Center for Medical Robotics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Noh, Kwantae (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Ahn, Su-Jin (Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Shin, Sangkyun (School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Noh, Gunwoo (School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2019.04.29
  • Accepted : 2019.11.27
  • Published : 2020.05.25
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Abstract

Considerable controversy surrounds the choice of the best abutment type for implant prosthetics. The two most common structures are hex and non-hex abutments. The non-hex abutment typically furnishes a larger contact area between itself and the implant than that provided by a hex structure. However, when a hex abutment is loaded, the position of its contact area may be deeper than that of a non-hex abutment. Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine the different biomechanical behaviors of an internal bone-level implant based on the abutment type-hex or non-hex-and clinical crown length under static and cyclic loadings using finite element analysis (FEA). The hex structure was found to increase the implant and abutment stability more than the nonhex structure among several criteria. The use of the hex structure resulted in a smaller volume of bone tissues being at risk of hypertrophy and fatigue failure. It also reduced micromovement (separation) between the implant components, which is significantly related to the pumping effect and possible inflammation. Both static and fatigue analyses, used to examine short- and long-term stability, demonstrated the advantages of the hex abutment over the non-hex type for the stability of the implant components. Moreover, although its impact was not as significant as that of the abutment type, a large crown-implant ratio (CIR) increased bone strain and stress in the implant components, particularly under oblique loading.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program (Grant No. 2018R1D1A1B07049789) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education.

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