Blended IT/STEM Education for Students in Developing Countries: Experiences in Tanzania

개발도상국 학생들을 위한 블랜디드 IT/STEM교육: 탄자니아에서의 경험 및 시사점

  • Received : 2020.10.13
  • Accepted : 2020.10.26
  • Published : 2020.11.20

Abstract

Education is one of the priority sectors specified in Tanzania, and it has committed to provide 11 years of compulsory free basic education for all from pre-primary to lower secondary level. Despite the Government's efforts to provide free basic education to all children, there are 2.0 million (23.2 per cent) out of 8.5 million children at the primary school age of 7-13, who are out of school in Tanzania. The ICT class should be offered as a regular class in all secondary schools in Tanzania, recommended by the ministry of education. However, many schools are struggling to implement this mandate. Most of schools offer the ICT class with theory without any real hardware. Some schools were given with computers but they were not maintained for operation. There is a huge task to make ICT education universal. Main issues include: remoteness (off-grid area), lack of ICT teachers, lack of resources such as hardware, infrastructure, and lack of practical lessons or projects to be used at schools. An innovative blended ICT/STEM education program is being conducted not only for Tanzanian public and private/international schools, but also for out-of-school adolescents through institutions, NGO centers, home visits and at the E3 Empower academy center. For effective STEM education to take place and remain sustainable, more practical curriculum, and close-up teacher support need to be accompanied concurrently. Practical, project-based simple coding lessons have been developed and employed that students experience true learning. The effectiveness of the curriculum has been demonstrated in various project centers, and it showed that students are showing new interests in exploring new discovery, even though this was a totally new area for them. It has been designed for an easy replication, thus students who learned can repeat the lessons themselves to other students. The ultimate purpose of this project is to have IT education offered as universally as possible throughout the whole Tanzania. Quality education for all children is a key for better future for all. Previously it was hoped that education with discipline will improve the active learning. But now more than ever, we believe that children have the ability to learn on their own with given proper STEM education tools, guidelines and environment. This gives promising hope to all of us, including those in the developing countries.

2020년 코로나로 인해 테크놀러지를 사용하는 교육(온라인교육 포함)이 그 가치를 확실히 인정받았다. 교사 위주였던 예전 교습 방법이 완전히 바뀌어졌다. 주어진 교과 과정을 온라인으로 예습하고 클라스에서는 토론을 하는 "flipped 학습"이 자리를 잡아가고있다. 아프리카에서는 온라인 클라스는 현지인들에게는 상상이 되지 않는 옵션이다. 하지만 이제 기술을 통한 교육 가치가 인정받기 시작했다. 먼 학교를 가야하는 학생들을 위해 작은 분교/정보 센타가 많이 세워져야한다. 한꺼번에 모이지 못하고, 정해진 소수의 팀이 와서 거리를 두고 컴퓨터를 통해 학습을 하고, 그후에 다음 팀이 와서 학습한다. 몇대의 컴퓨터를 공유하면서 교사가 없는 상황에서도 각자 인트라넷 전자 도서관을 통해서 학습을 한다. 학생들은 생전 처음 경험하는 힉습방법이지만, 오히려 자유롭게 스스로 주도하여 배우는 것을 경험한다. 학생들뿐 아니라, 교사 훈련도 되며 커뮤니티의 정보 센타가 되어 공동체가 힘을 얻을 것이다. 이렇게 훈련된 교사, 스텝들이 곳곳에 정보센터를 세워 훈련을 확장해 나갈 수 있다. 기술과 문제 파악, 현지 적용의 몇가지 STEM 프로젝트를 통하여 스스로 배울 수 있다는 깨달음으로 학생들은 배움에 대한 기쁨을 얻는다. 지난 2-3년간수행된 3천여명에 대한 STEM/IT교육의 결과가 이를 증명하고 있다. 스스로 배움을 터득해 나가고, 먼저 배운 학생들이 인턴이 되어 다른 학생들을 가르치는 실제적인 새로운 인재상을 통하여 임파워링의 플랫폼과 연속 채널을 구축하는데는 "IT" 가 최적이다. 그동안 탄자니아의 10개 도시에서 진행된 STEM교육의 결과와 앞으로 진행될 유니세프 프로젝트와 코이카 프로젝트를 통하여 Scale-up에 대한 내용도 본 발표에서 소개된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by International S&T Cooperation Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of Korea, NRF-2017K1A3A9A04013801. This study was also partially funded internally by E3 Empower Africa. Inputs and data compilation by all E3 Empower Africa staff members are appreciated.

References

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