Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Dynamic behavior of smart material embedded wind turbine blade under actuated condition

  • Mani, Yuvaraja (Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG college of Technology) ;
  • Veeraragu, Jagadeesh (Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG college of Technology) ;
  • Sangameshwar, S. (Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG college of Technology) ;
  • Rangaswamy, Rudramoorthy (Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG college of Technology)
  • Received : 2018.09.10
  • Accepted : 2019.11.26
  • Published : 2020.02.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Vibrations of a wind turbine blade have a negative impact on its performance and result in failure of the blade, therefore an approach to effectively control vibration in turbine blades are sought by wind industry. The small domestic horizontal axis wind turbine blades induce flap wise (out-of-plane) vibration, due to varying wind speeds. These flap wise vibrations are transferred to the structure, which even causes catastrophic failure of the system. Shape memory alloys which possess physical property of variable stiffness across different phases are embedded into the composite blades for active vibration control. Previously Shape memory alloys have been used as actuators to change their angles and orientations in fighter jet blades but not used for active vibration control for wind turbine blades. In this work a GFRP blade embedded with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) and tested for its vibrational and material damping characteristics, under martensitic and austenite conditions. The embedment portrays 47% reduction in displacement of blade, with respect to the conventional blade. An analytical model for the actuated smart blade is also proposed, which validates the harmonic response of the smart blade.

Keywords

References

  1. Bhargaw, H.N., Ahmed, M. and Sinha, P. (2013), "Thermo-electric behaviour of niti shape memory alloy", T. Nonferr. Metal Soc. China, 23(8), 2329-2335. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62737-5.
  2. Zhao, Z., Chen, Z., Wang, X., HaoXu and Liu, H. (2016), "Wind-induced response of large-span structures based on pod-pseudo-excitation method", Advan. Steel Constr., 12(1), 1-16.
  3. Choi, S. and Lee, J.J. (1998), "The shape control of a composite beam with embedded shape memory alloy wire actuators", Smart Mater. Struct. 7(6), 759-770. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/7/6/004
  4. Cromack, F.W. and Perkins D.E. (1978), "Wind turbine blade stress analysis and natural frequencies", Wind Energy Center Report.
  5. Feng, W. and Gomez-Rivas, A. (2005), "An experimental approach for evaluating harmonic frequencies of a flexible beam", Age, 10, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02431764
  6. Hu, Y. R. and Vukovich, G. (2005), "Active robust shape control of flexible structures", Mechatronics, 15(7), 807-820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2005.02.004.
  7. Irschik, H. (2002), "A review on static and dynamic shape control of structures by piezoelectric actuation", Eng. Struct., 24(1), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00081-5.
  8. Kim, S. and Cho, M. (2010). "A simple smart wing actuator using ni-ti SMA", J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 24(9), 1865-1873. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-010-0609-8.
  9. Kumar, A., Dwivedi, A., Paliwal, V. and Patil, P.P. (2014), "Free vibration analysis of Al 2024 wind turbine blade designed for Uttarakhand region based on FEA", Proc. Technol., 14, 336-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.08.044.
  10. Lau, K.T. (2002), "Control of natural frequencies of a clamped - clamped composite beam with embedded shape memory alloy wires", Comp. Struct., 58(1), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(02)00042-9.
  11. Lee, J.W., Han J.H., Shin, H.K. and Bang, H.J. (2014), "Active load control of wind turbine blade section with trailing edge flap: wind tunnel testing", J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 25(18), 2246-2255. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1045389X14544143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X14544143
  12. Lin, Y.J., Lee, T., Choi, B. and Saravanos, D. (1999), "An application of smart-structure technology to rotor blade tip vibration control", J. Vib. Control, 5(4), 639-658. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F107754639900500408. https://doi.org/10.1177/107754639900500408
  13. Martinez Vazquez, P. (2016), "Wind-induced vibrations of structures using design spectra", Int. J. Advan. Struct. Eng., 8(4), 379-389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40091-016-0139-4.
  14. Mevada, H. and Patel, D. (2016), "Experimental Determination of Structural Damping of Different Materials", Proc. Eng., 144, 110-115. http://10.1016/j.proeng.2016.05.013.
  15. Mollasalehi, E., Sun, Q. and Wood, D. (2013), "Contribution of small wind turbine structural vibration to noise emission", Energies, 6(8), 3669-3691. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6083669.
  16. Mouleeswaran, S.K., Mani, Y., Keerthivasan, P. and Veeraragu, J. (2018), "Vibration control of small horizontal axis wind turbine blade with shape memory alloy", Smart Struct. Syst., 21(3), 257-262. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.21.3.257.
  17. Ni, Q.Q., Zhang, R.X., Natsuki, T. and Iwamoto, M. (2007), "Stiffness and vibration characteristics of SMA/ER3 composites with shape memory alloy short fibers", Compos. Struct., 79(4), 501-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.02.009.
  18. O'Toole, K.T., McGrath, M.M. and Coyle, E. (2009), "Analysis and evaluation of the dynamic performance of SMA actuators for prosthetic hand design", J. Mat. Eng. Perform., 18(5-6), 781-786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-009-9431-9.
  19. Pabut, O., Allikas, G., Herranen, H., Talalaev, R. and Vene, K. (2012), "Model validation and structural analysis of a small wind turbine blade", 8th International DAAAAM Baltic Conference, Tallinn, Estonia, April.
  20. Seelecke, S. and Muller, I. (2004), "Shape memory alloy actuators in smart structures: modeling and simulation", Appl. Mech. Rev. 57(1), 23-46. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1584064.
  21. Sellami, T., Berriri, H., Darcherif, A.M., Jelassi, S. and Mimouni, M.F. (2016), "Modal and harmonic analysis of three-dimensional wind turbine models", Wind Eng., 40(6), 518-527. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0309524X16671093. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X16671093
  22. Simonovic, A.M., Jovanovic, M.M., Lukic, N.S., Zoric, N.D., Stupar, S.N. and Ilic, S.S. (2016), "Experimental studies on active vibration control of smart plate using a modified PID controller with optimal orientation of piezoelectric actuator", J. Vib. Control, 22(11), 2619-2932. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1077546314549037. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546314549037
  23. Song, G., Kelly, B. and Agrawal, B.N. (2000), "Active position control of a shape memory alloy wire actuated composite beam", Smart Mater. Struct. 9(5), 711-716. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/9/5/316
  24. Umesh, K. and Ganguli, R. (2009), "Shape and vibration control of a smart composite plate with matrix cracks", Smart Mater.. Struct., 18(2), 025002. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/18/2/025002
  25. Vitiello, A., Giorleo, G. and Morace, R.E. (2005), "Analysis of thermomechanical behaviour of nitinol wires with high strain rates", Smart Mater. Struct. 14(1), 215-221. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/14/1/021

Cited by

  1. Analytical model of shape memory alloy embedded smart beam, under actuated condition vol.27, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2021.27.6.991
  2. Long-term fatigue reliability enhancement of horizontal axis wind turbine blade vol.33, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2021.33.2.169