Advances in concrete construction

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of 3D concrete printing performance from a rheological perspective

  • Lee, Keon-Woo (Department of Safety Engineering, Dongguk University) ;
  • Lee, Ho-Jae (Structural Engineering Research Institute, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Choi, Myoung-Sung (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University)
  • Received : 2019.08.06
  • Accepted : 2019.09.30
  • Published : 2019.10.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objective of this study was to derive a cementitious material for three-dimensional (3D) concrete printing that fulfills key performance functions, extrudability, buildability and bondability for 3D concrete printing. For this purpose, the rheological properties shown by different compositions of cement paste, the most fundamental component of concrete, were assessed, and the correlation between the rheological properties and key performance functions was analyzed. The results of the experiments indicated that the overall properties of a binder have a greater influence on the yield stress than the plastic viscosity. When the performance of a cementitious material for 3D printing was considered in relation with the properties of a binder, a mixture with FA or SF was thought to be more appropriate; however, a mixture containing GGBS was found to be inappropriate as it failed to meet the required function especially, buildability and extrudability. For a simple quantitative evaluation, the correlation between the rheological parameters of cementitious materials and simplified flow performance test results-time taken to reach T-150 and the number of hits required to reach T-150-in consideration of the flow of cementitious materials was compared. The result of the analysis showed a high reliability for the correlation between the rheological parameters and the time taken to reach T-150, but a low reliability for the number of hits needed for the fluid to reach T-150. In conclusion, among several performance functions, extrudability and buildability were mainly assessed based on the results obtained from various formulations from a rheological perspective, and the suitable formulations of composite materials for 3D printing was derived.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)

References

  1. Airey, J., Nicholls, S., Taleb, H., Thorley, S. and Tomlinson, S. (2012), "Multidisciplinary design project mega scale 3D printing", Master of Engineering, University of Surrey, 15-18.
  2. Asprone, D., Menna, C., Bos, F.P., Salet, T.A.M., Falcon, J.M. and Kaufmann, W. (2018), "Rethinking reinforcement for digital fabrication with concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 112, 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.020
  3. Bauchkar, S.D. and Chore, H.S. (2017), "Experimental studies on rheological properties of smart dynamic concrete", J. Adv. Concr. Constr., 5(3), 183-199.
  4. Bauchkar, S.D. and Chore, H.S. (2018), "Effect of PCE superplasticizers on rheological and strength properties of high strength self-consolidating concrete", J. Adv. Concrete Constr., 6(6), 561-583.
  5. Benyamina, S., Menadi, B., Bernard, S.K. and Kenai, S. (2019), "Performance of self-compacting concrete with manufactured crushed sand", J. Adv. Concrete Constr., 7(2), 87-96.
  6. Buswell, R.A., Leal de Silva, W.R., Jones, S.Z. and Dirrenberger, J. (2018), "3D printing using concrete extrusion: A roadmap for research", Cement Concrete Res., 112, 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.006
  7. Cesarette, G., Dini, E., Kestelier, X.D., Colla, V. and Pambaguian, L. (2014), "Building components for an outpost on the Lunar soil by means of a novel 3D printing technology", Acta Astronautica., 93, 430-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.07.034
  8. Chen, C., Park, Y.N., Yoo, S.K., Bae, S.C. and Kim, J.J. (2017), "Developing design process of 3d printing concrete mix proportion", J. Korea Inst. Build. Inform. Model., 7, 1-10.
  9. Choi, Y.W., Choi, B.K., Park, M.S. and Sung, D. (2014), "A study on the rheology properties for development of sprayed high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites for protection and blast resistant", J. Korea Recycl. Constr. Resour. Ins., 2, 188-195. https://doi.org/10.14190/JRCR.2014.2.3.188
  10. Ferrais, C.F., Stutzman, P.E., Guthrie, W.F. and Winpigler, J. (2012), "Certification of SRM 2492: Bingham paste mixture for rheological measurements", NIST Spec. Publ., 174-260.
  11. Ferraris, C.F., Obla, H.K. and Russell, H. (2001), "The influence of mineral admixtures on the rheology of cement paste and concrete", Cement Constr. Res., 3, 1245-255.
  12. Goo, H.C., Lee, G.C. and Sun, H.Y. (2006), "A comparison study between evaluation method on the rheological properties of cement paste", J. Korea Ins. Build. Constr., 21, 75-82.
  13. Hojati, M., Nazarian, S., Duarte, J.P., Radlinska, A., Ashrafi, N., Craveiro, F. and Bilen, S. (2018), "3D Printing of Concrete: A continuous exploration of mix design and printing process", 42nd IAHS World Congress the Housing for the Dignity of Mankind.
  14. Hwang, H.J., Lee, S.H. and Lee, W.J. (2007), "Effect of particle size distribution of binder on the rheological properties of slag cement pastes", J. Korea Ceram. Soc., 44, 6-11. https://doi.org/10.4191/KCERS.2007.44.1.006
  15. Jeon, K.H., Park, M.B., Kang, M.K. and Kim, J.H. (2013), "A study on the development of an automated freeform fabrication system and construction materials", J. Korea Soc. Civil Eng., 4, 1665-1673.
  16. Jeong, H.S., Han, S.J., Choi, S.H., Lee, Y.J., Yi, S.T. and Kim, K.S. (2019), "Rheological property criteria for buildable 3D printing concrete", J. Mater., 12(4), 657. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12040657
  17. Koehler, E.P. Fowler, E.W., Ferraris, C.F. and Amziane, S. (2006), "A new portable rheometer for fresh self-consolidating concrete", ACI Mater. J., 233, 97-116.
  18. KS F 2594 (2015), Method of Test for Slump Flow of Fresh Concrete, Korean Standards & Certifications.
  19. KS L 5111 (2017), Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement, Korean Standards & Certifications.
  20. Le, T.T., Austin, S.A., Lim, S., Buswell, R.A., Gibb, A.G.F. and Thorpe, T. (2012), "Mix design and fresh properties for highperformance printing concrete", Mater. Struct., 45, 1221-1232. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9828-z
  21. Le, T.T., Austin, S.A., Lim, S., Buswell, R.A., Law, R., Gibb, A.G.F. and Thorpe, T. (2012), "Hardened properties of highperformance printing concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 42, 558-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.12.003
  22. Lee, D.K. and Choi, M.S. (2018), "Standard reference materials for cement paste Part I: Suggestion of consitituent materials based on rheological analysis", J. Mater., 11, 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040624
  23. Lee, D.K., Lee, K.W. and Choi, M.S. (2018), "Study on filling capacity of self-consolidating concrete for modular LNG storage tank", J. Korea Soc. Saf., 33, 50-57. https://doi.org/10.14346/JKOSOS.2018.33.6.50
  24. Lee, H.J., Kim, W.W. and Moon, J.H. (2017), "Study on rheological properties of mortar for the application of 3D printing method", J. Korea Recycl. Constr. Resour. Inst., 6, 16-24. https://doi.org/10.14190/JRCR.2018.6.1.16
  25. Lim, S., Buswell, R.A., Le, T.T., Rene, W., Austin, S., Gibb, A. and Tony, T. (2011), "Development of a viable concrete printing process", Proceedings of the International Conference on Global Innovation in Construction 2011 in Loughborough, 512-520.
  26. Lloret, E., Shahab, A.R., Linus, M., Flatt, R.J., Gramazio, F., Kohler, M. and Langenberg, S. (2015), "Complex Merging concrete structures existing casting techniques with digital fabrication", Comput. Aid. Des., 60, 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2014.02.011
  27. Lowke, D., Dini, E., Perrot, A., Weger, D., Gehlen, C. and Dillenburger, B. (2018), "Particle-bed 3D printing in concrete construction- Possibilities and challenges", Cement Concrete Res., 112, 50-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.018
  28. Malaeb, Z., Hachem, H., Tourbah, A. and Hamzeh F. (2015), "3D concrete printing: machine and mix design", Int. J. Civil Eng. Technol., 6, 14-22.
  29. Marchon, D., Kawashima, S., Bey, H.B., Mantellato, S. and Ng, S. (2018), "Hydration and rheology control of concrete for digital fabrication: Potential admixtures and cement chemistry", Cement Concrete Res., 112, 96-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.014
  30. Oh, J., Oh, J.S. and Jung, H.Y. (2014), "Applicability to the construction of 3D Printing technology", Mag. Korea Soc. Civil Eng., 82, 38-45.
  31. Perrot, A., Rangeard, D. and Pierre, A. (2016), "Structural built-up of cement-based materials used for 3Dprinting extrusion techniques", Mater. Struct., 49, 1213-1220. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0571-0
  32. Reiter, L., Wangler, T., Roussel, N. and Flatt, R.J. (2018), "The role of early age structural build-up in digital fabrication with concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 112, 86-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.011
  33. Roussel, N. (2018), "Rheological requirements for printable concretes", Cement Concrete Res., 112, 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.04.005
  34. Sanjayan, J.G., Nematollahi, B., Xia, M. and Marchment, T. (2018), "Effect of surface moisture on inter-layer strength of 3D printed concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 172, 468-475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.232
  35. Schutter, G.D., Lesage, K., Mechtcherine, V., Nerella, V.N., Habert, G. and Juan, I.A. (2018), "Vision of 3D printing with concrete Technical, economic and environmental potentials", Cement Concrete Res., 112, 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.06.001
  36. Schwartz, J. (2018), "Graphic statics and their potential for digital design and fabrication with concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 112, 122-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.06.015
  37. Zareiyan, B. and Khoshnevis, B. (2017), "Effects of interlocking on interlayer adhesion and strength of structures in 3D printing of concrete", Autom. Constr., 83, 212-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.08.019
  38. Zhang, J. and Khoshnevis, B. (2013), "Optimal machine operation planning for construction by Contour Crafting", Autom. Constr., 29, 50-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.08.006