DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Spawning Season, and Factors Influencing Allometric Growth Pattern and Body Condition of Walleye Pollock Gadus chalcogrammus in the Middle East Sea, Korea

동해 중부 연안에 출현하는 명태(Gadus chalcogrammus)의 산란기 및 성장패턴(allometric growth pattern)과 비만도(body condition) 변화에 영향을 미치는 요인

  • Lee, Chung Il (Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Han, Moon Hee (Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Jung, Hae Kun (Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Park, Hyun Je (Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Park, Joo Myun (Dokdo Research Center, East Sea Research Institute, Korean Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
  • 이충일 (강릉원주대학교 해양자원육성학과) ;
  • 한문희 (강릉원주대학교 해양자원육성학과) ;
  • 정해근 (강릉원주대학교 해양자원육성학과) ;
  • 박현제 (강릉원주대학교 해양자원육성학과) ;
  • 박주면 (한국해양과학기술원 독도전문연구센터)
  • Received : 2019.06.19
  • Accepted : 2019.07.17
  • Published : 2019.09.30

Abstract

This study presents data on spawning season, weight-length relationships (WLRs) and condition factor of Gadus chalcogrammus inhabiting the middle East Sea, Korea. Monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) revealed that the spawning period was from December to March. Overall value of the exponent b, estimated by nonlinear least squares from weight and length data was 2.806, ranging from 2.778 for female fishes to 2.985 for immature group. The b values were similar between spawning and non-spawning, and between female and male fishes, but it was significantly higher for immature than mature fishes. The condition factors were significantly higher for immature than mature groups, and during non-spawning than spawning periods, but it was not significant between male and female fishes.

본 연구는 동해 중부 연안에 출현하는 명태(Gadus chalcogrammus)의 산란기, 체장-체중 관계(weight-length relationships, WLRs), 비만도(condition factor)를 조사하였다. 생식소숙도지수(gonadosomatic index, GSI))의 월변화를 통하여 추정한 명태의 산란기는 12월에서 3월이었다. 전반적인 체장-체중 관계식의 지수값 b는 2.806이었고, 2.778 (암컷)에서 2.980 (미성숙 그룹)의 범위를 나타냈다. b값은 암수 사이에서 유사하였으나, 미성숙 그룹과 비산란기 동안 성숙 그룹 또는 산란기 보다 유의하게 높은 값을 나타냈다. 비만도는 미성숙 그룹에서 성숙 그룹보다 유의하게 높았으나, 산란기와 비산란기, 암컷과 수컷 사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Adams, C.F., A.I. Pinchuk and K.O. Coyle. 2007. Seasonal changes in the diet composition and prey selection of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the northern Gulf of Alaska. Fish. Res., 84: 378-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.11.032
  2. Bagenal, T.B. and A.T. Tesch. 1978. Conditions and growth patterns in freshwater habitats. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford, pp. 75-89.
  3. Beamish, R.J. and G.A. McFarlane. 1995. A discussion of the importance of aging errors, and an application to walleye pollock: the world's largest fishery. Recent developments in fish otolith research. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, pp. 545-565.
  4. Britton, J.R. and J. Pegg. 2011. Ecology of European barbel Barbus barbus: implications for river, fishery, and conservation management. Rev. Fish. Sci., 19: 321-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2011.599886
  5. Chellappa, S., F.A. Huntingford, R.H.C. Strang and R.Y. Thomson. 1995. Condition factor and hepatosomatic index as estimates of energy status in male three-spined stickleback. J. Fish Biol., 47: 775-787. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb06002.x
  6. Dwyer, D.A., K.M. Bailey and P.A. Livingston. 1987. Feeding habits and daily ration of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea, with special reference to cannibalism. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 44: 1972-1984. https://doi.org/10.1139/f87-242
  7. Froese, R. 1998. Length-weight relationships for 18 less-studied fish species. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 14: 117-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1998.tb00626.x
  8. Froese, R. 2006. Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 22: 241-253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00805.x
  9. Froese, R. and D. Pauly (eds.). 2019. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2019). Available at: http://www.fishbase.org.
  10. Froese, R., A.C. Tsikliras and K.I. Stergiou. 2011. Editorial note on weight-length relations of fishes. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat., 41: 261-263. https://doi.org/10.3750/AIP2011.41.4.01
  11. Froese, R., J.T. Thorson and R.G. Reyes Jr. 2014. A Bayesian approach for estimating length-weight relationships in fishes. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 30: 78-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12299
  12. Fu, A.L., N. Hammerschlag, G.V. Lauder, C.D. Wilga, C.Y. Kuo and D.J. Irschick. 2016. Ontogeny of head and caudal fin shape of an apex marine predator: The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). J. Morphol., 277: 556-564. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20515
  13. Griffiths, D. and R.C. Kirkwood. 1995. Seasonal variation in growth, mortality and fat stores of roach and perch in Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland. J. Fish. Biol., 47: 537-554. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01920.x
  14. Hamatsu, T. and L. Yabuki. 2007. Density effects on length at maturity of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma off the Pacific coast of northern Japan in the 1990s. Fish. Sci., 73: 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-2906.2007.01306.x
  15. Hilborn, E. and C.J. Walters. 2001. Quantitative fisheries stock assessment: choice, dynamics and uncertainty. Chapman and Hall, New York, 570pp.
  16. Hinckley, S. 1987. The reproductive biology of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, in the Bering Sea, with reference to spawning stock structure. Fish. Bull., 85: 481-498.
  17. Hossain, M.Y. 2010. Length-weight, length-length relationships and condition factor of three Schibid catfishes from the Padma River, Northwestern Bangladesh. Asian Fish. Sci., 23: 329-339.
  18. Kim, Y.S., K.H. Han, C.B. Kang and J.B. Kim. 2004. Commercial fishes of the coastal and offshore waters in Korea. 2nd ed. Hanguel, Busan, 333pp. (in Korean)
  19. King, M. 1995. Fisheries biology, assessment and management. Fishing News Books. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK, 341pp.
  20. Kotwicki, S., T.W. Buckley, T. Honkalehto and G. Walters. 2005. Variation in the distribution of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) with temperature and implications for seasonal migration. Fish. Bull., 103: 574-587.
  21. Lavergne, E., U. Zajonz and L. Sellin. 2013. Length-weight relationship and seasonal effects of the Summer Monsoon on condition factor of Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775) from the wider Gulf of Aden including Socotra Island. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 29: 274-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.02018.x
  22. Le Cren, E.D. 1951. The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in the gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perce fluviatilis). J. Anim. Ecol., 20: 201-219. https://doi.org/10.2307/1540
  23. Lee, C.S., Y.H. Hur, J.Y. Lee, W.K. Kim, S.H. Hong, S.J. Hwang and S.H. Choi. 2005. Maturity and spawning of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the East Sea. Korean J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 38: 245-250. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2005.38.4.245
  24. Maeda, T. 1986. Life cycle and behavior of adult pollock (Theragra chalcogramma [Pallas]) in water adjacent to Funka Bay, Hokkaido Island. Bull. Int. North Pac. Fish. Commn., 45: 39-65.
  25. Park, H.J., T.H. Park, C.I. Lee and C.K. Kang. 2018. Ontogenetic shifts in diet and trophic position of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, in the western East Sea (Japan Sea) revealed by stable isotope and stomach content analyses. Fish. Res., 204: 297-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2018.03.006
  26. Park, J.M., T.F. Gaston, R. Riedel and J.E. Williamson. 2018. Biometric relationships between body and otolith measurements in nine demersal fishes from north-eastern Tasmanian waters, Australia. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 34: 801-805. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13612
  27. Park, K.Y., K.H. Park, S.I. Lee, H.W. Park, S.E. Hong, J.H. Yang and S.H. Choi. 2007. Maturity and spawning of black edged sculpin Gymnocanthus herzensteini in the East Sea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 19: 101-106. (in Korean)
  28. Paul, A.J. and J.M. Paul. 1998. Comparisons of whole body energy content of captive fasting age zero Alaskan Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi Valenciennes) and cohorts over-wintering in nature. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 226: 75-86 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00241-4
  29. Paul, A.J., J.M. Paul and R.L. Smith. 1998. Seasonal changes in whole-body energy content and estimated consumption rates of age 0 walleye pollock from Prince William Sound, Alaska. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 47: 251-259 https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1998.0369
  30. Pauly, D. 1984. Fish population dynamics in tropical waters: a manual for use with programmable calculators. ICLARM Studies and Reviews 8. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines, 325pp.
  31. Petrakis, G. and K.I. Stergiou. 1995. Weight-length relationships for 33 fish species in Greek waters. Fish. Res., 21: 465-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(94)00294-7
  32. Phillips, N.D., L. Kubicek, N.L. Payne, C. Harrod, L.E. Eagling, C.D. Carson, V. Cappanera and J.D. Houghton. 2018. Isometric growth in the worldʼs largest bony fishes (genus Mola)? Morphological insights from fisheries bycatch data. J. Morphol., 279: 1312-1320. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20872
  33. Ricker, W.E. 1968. Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwaters. Blackwell Scientific Publ., Oxford, 313pp.
  34. Smith, G.B. 1979. The biology of walleye pollock. In: Favorite, F., W.J. Ingraham Jr., K.D. Waldron, E.A. Best, V.G. Wespestad, L.H. Barton, G.B. Smith, R.G. Bakkala, R.R. Straty and T. Laevastu (eds.), Fisheries Oceanography-eastern Bering Sea Shelf. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Seattle, pp. 213-279.
  35. Sokal, R.R. and F.J. Rohlf. 1987. Introduction to biostatistics. 2nd ed. Freeman, New York, 363pp.
  36. Tuuli, C.D., Y.S. De Mitcheson and M. Liu. 2011. Reproductive biology of the greyfin croaker Pennahia anea in the northern South China Sea. Ichthyol. Res., 58: 302-309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-011-0228-0
  37. Weatherley, A.H. and H.S. Gill. 1987. The biology of fish growth. Academic Press, London.
  38. Wootton, R.J. 1990. Ecology of teleost fishes. Chapman & Hall, New Jersey.
  39. Yamamura, O., S. Honda, O. Shida and T. Hamatsu. 2002. Diets of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the Doto area, northern Japan: ontogenetic and seasonal variations. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 238: 187-198. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps238187