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A case study of the habitat expansion of the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus ussuricus)

반달가슴곰의 서식지 확대 사례

  • Kim, Jeong-Jin (Faculty of Science Education, Jeju National University) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Wook (Species Restoration Technology Institute Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Choi, Ju-Yeol (Species Restoration Technology Institute Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Park, Seok-Ho (Species Restoration Technology Institute Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Han, Sang-Hyun (Species Restoration Technology Institute Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Lee, Sa-Hyun (Species Restoration Technology Institute Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Oh, Hong-Shik (Faculty of Science Education, Jeju National University)
  • 김정진 (제주대학교 과학교육학부) ;
  • 김태욱 (국립공원공단 종복원기술원) ;
  • 최주열 (국립공원공단 종복원기술원) ;
  • 박석호 (국립공원공단 종복원기술원) ;
  • 한상현 (국립공원공단 종복원기술원) ;
  • 이사현 (국립공원공단 종복원기술원) ;
  • 오홍식 (제주대학교 과학교육학부)
  • Received : 2019.06.01
  • Accepted : 2019.06.17
  • Published : 2019.06.30

Abstract

Habitat loss by industrialization, urbanization, and poaching reduced the population of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetabus ussuricus) population in South Korea in the late 20th Century. In the early 2000s, the Korean Government had begun a restoration project of Asiatic black bear. In 2017, a bear was found in Mt. Sudosan, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, approximately 80 km from Mt. Jirisan where the bear was first released. Genetic analysis confirmed that this bear was one of the Jirisan bear population, estimating that this bear escaped from its habitat. After trapping this bear in Mt. Sudosan, it was rereleased again in Mt. Jirisan, but this bear moved again to Mt. Sudosan. After 2nd trapping and releasing, this bear came back to Mt. Sudosan. In Mt. Sudosan, this bear covered a greater distance and moved more as compared to other Asiatic black bear in Mt. Jirisan. Today, this bear has its home range within Mt. Sudosan area after the third release, estimating that this bear is stable and active in this area. Our findings are the first case showing the interesting pattern of repetitive disperse activities and habitat expansion of Asiatic black bear. The results of this case are valuable information that can be used for wildlife conservation and restoration of endangered wildlife.

과거 한국에는 반달가슴곰이 많은 개체수가 서식하였다. 하지만 일제강점기와 한국전쟁을 거치면서 반달가슴곰의 개체수가 급격하게 감소하였으며, 산업화, 서식지 파괴, 밀렵으로 인해 절멸 상태에 이르렀다. 2000년대 초반 지리산국립공원에서 극소수의 개체가 활동하는 것이 확인되었고, 이에 환경부에서는 절멸 위험에 처해 있는 생물종에 대한 복원과 생태계 건강성 회복을 위해 지리산 반달가슴곰 복원프로젝트를 추진하였다. 외부로부터 한반도에 서식하는 반달가슴곰과 동일한 아종을 도입 방사한지 14년이 흐른 2017년에 지리산에서 약 80 km 떨어진 수도산에서 반달가슴곰이 발견되었다. 유전자 분석결과 과거 지리산에서 방사했었던 3년생 반달가슴곰으로 분석되었으며 이는 지리산에서 반달가슴곰 복원사업을 추진한 이후 가장 멀리서 이동한 사례이다. 이후 지리산에서 2회 재방사를 하여 다시 수도산으로 이동하려는 움직임을 보였으며, 일반적으로 지리산에서 활동하는 반달가슴곰에 비해 많은 이동거리와 행동권을 나타냈다. 수도산에서 3번째 방사 이후 안정적인 이동 패턴과 서식영역을 띠고 있는 것으로 보이며, 이러한 사례 연구를 통해 지리산 반달가슴곰 집단의 서식지 확산과 이에 따른 광역적 관리 방안 마련에 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

Keywords

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