Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
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Analysis of Sensors' Behavior and Its Utility for Shallow Landslide Early Warning through Model Slope Collapse Experiment

붕괴모의실험을 통한 산사태 조기경보용 계측센서의 반응성 분석 및 활용성 고찰

  • Kang, Minjeng (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Seo, Junpyo (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kim, Dongyeob (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Lee, Changwoo (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Woo, Choongshik (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science)
  • 강민정 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과) ;
  • 서준표 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과) ;
  • 김동엽 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과) ;
  • 이창우 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과) ;
  • 우충식 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과)
  • Received : 2018.09.03
  • Accepted : 2019.05.07
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

The goal of this study was to analyze the reactivity of a volumetric water content sensor (soil moisture sensor) and tensiometer and to review their use in the early detection of a shallow landslide. We attempted to demonstrate shallow and rapid slope collapses using three different soil ratios under artificial rainfall at 120 mm/h. Our results showed that the measured value of the volumetric water-content sensor converged to 30~37%, and that of the tensiometer reached -3~-5 kPa immediately before the collapse of the soil under all three conditions. Based on these results, we discussed a temporal range for early warnings of landslides using measurements of the volumetric water content sensors installed at the bottom of the soil slope, but could not generalize and clarify the exact timing for these early warnings. Further experiments under various conditions are needed to determine how to use both sensors for the early detection of shallow landslides.

이 연구는 붕괴모의실험을 통하여 체적함수비센서와 텐시오미터의 반응성을 분석하고, 산사태 조기경보용으로의 활용성을 검토하기 위해 수행되었다. 산림토양과 사질토의 배합비율을 조정한 3개의 토양조건에서 120 mm/h의 인공강우를 적용하여 얕은 깊이에서 빠르게 진행되는 붕괴형태를 실험적으로 모의하고, 그 과정에서의 두 센서의 반응을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 모든 실험조건에서 체적함수비센서 및 텐시오미터의 계측값은 각각 30~37%, -3~-5 kPa으로 수렴된 이후에 붕괴가 발생하였다. 실험결과를 토대로 토층 최하부에 설치된 체적함수비센서의 계측값을 활용하여 조기경보 발생시점의 범위를 논의하였으나, 이를 일반화하여 명확한 시점으로 규정할 수는 없었다. 두 센서를 실용적인 차원에서 산사태 조기경보용으로 활용하기 위해서는 다양한 조건에서의 추가적인 실험 및 검증이 필요할 것으로 생각되었다.

Keywords

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Figure 1. Conceptual diagram of the flume for slope collapse experiment.

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Figure 2. Sensors employed in slope collapse experiment.

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Figure 3. Arrangement of both sensors on soil layer (mm).

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Figure 4. Photo of before- and after-slope collapse in each experiment.

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Figure 5. Temporal change of both sensors’ measurements with elapsed time (SW: soil volumetric water content sensor, T: tensiometer).

Table 1. Characteristics of soil samples used in slope collapse experiments.

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Table 2. Slope collapse experiment conditions.

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Table 3. Slope collapse time under each experiment condition.

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Table 4. Average and standard deviation of measurements by both sensors for 10 minutes before slope collapse.

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Table 5. Time difference from the moment of sensor reacting and convergence to the moment of slope collapse.

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