Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
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Changes in Composition and Structure of Forest Vegetation of Apsan Park, Daegu Metropolitan City

대구광역시 앞산공원 산림식생의 조성 및 구조 변화

  • Oh, Jeong Hak (Urban Forests Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kim, Jun-Soo (Nature and Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Hak Yun (Department of Global Environment, Keimyung University) ;
  • Cho, Hyun Je (Nature and Forest Research Institute)
  • Received : 2019.03.06
  • Accepted : 2019.04.02
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

The aim of our study was to identify the changing trends in the composition, structure, and spatial distribution of forest vegetation in Apsan Park, a representative urban forest in Daegu, South Korea. A vegetation survey was conducted in 1997 and 2016 using phytosociological methods, and a detailed vegetation map was created using the physiognomic dominant species. There were 22 vegetation types in both 1997 and 2016, but two of those types increased and two decreased. The total coverage per unit area ($100m^2$) of the component vegetation species increased from 163% in 1997 to 182% in 2016, and natural vegetation tended to be more than twice that of artificial vegetation. The average number of species decreased by seven from 25 in 1997 to 18 in 2016. Species diversity (H') increased only slightly from 1,654 in 1997 to 1,680 in 2016, while species dominance (D) decreased by 9% from 0.304 in 1997 to 0.276 in 2016. The similarity in the composition of the forest vegetation was about 78%, which was nearly the same. The life form spectrums of vascular plants changed from '$G-R_5-D_4-e$' in 1997 to '$MM-R_5-D_4-e$' in 2016 and the central dormancy type changed from geophytes (G) to megaphanerophytes (MM). The spatial distribution of the forest vegetation was reduced by approximately four times that of artificial vegetation. The number of forest landscape elements (patches) increased from 269 in 1997 to 294 in 2016, while the average area decreased by 12% from 5.8 ha in 1997 to 5.1 ha in 2016.

대구광역시의 대표적 도시숲인 앞산공원을 대상으로 1997년과 2016년에 식물사회학적 방법으로 식생조사를 실시하고 상관 우점종에 의한 정밀식생도를 작성하여 산림식생의 조성, 구조 및 공간적 분포 변화 경향을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 식생유형의 개수는 1997년과 2016년 모두 22개로 동일하였으나 그 구성 종류에 있어서는 2개 유형이 증가하고 2개 유형은 감소하였다. 산림식생 구성종의 단위면적당($/100m^2$) 총피도는 1997년 약 163%에서 2016년 약 182%로 약 11%가 증가하였으며, 자연식생이 인공식생에 비하여 두 배 이상 높은 경향이었다. 평균 출현종수는 1997년 약 25종에서 2016년 약 18종으로 7종이 감소하였다. 종다양도(H')는 1997년 1.654에서 2016년 1.680으로 미미하게 증가하였으나, 종우점도(D)는 1997년 0.304에서 2016년 0.276으로 약 9%가 감소하였다. 전체 산림식생의 구성적 유사도는 약 78%로 종구성적 특성이 거의 동일한 것으로 나타났으며, 생활형 조성은 1997년 '$G-R_5-D_4-e$'에서 2016년 '$MM-R_5-D_4-e$'로 휴면형의 중심형이 과거 지중식물(G)에서 대형지상식물(MM)로 변화된 경향이었다. 산림식생의 공간 분포 면적은 인공식생이 자연식생에 비해 약 4배 이상 높은 감소율을 보였다. 산림경관 요소(패치)의 개수는 1997년 269개에서 2016년 294개로 약 9%가 증가한 반면, 그 평균 크기는 1997년 5.8 ha에서 2016년 5.1 ha로 약 12%가 감소된 경향이었다.

Keywords

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Figure 1. Location of the study site and field sample plots (black dots).

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Figure 2. Changes in life-forms composition (dormancy, radicoid, disseminule, and growth forms) based on percentage of number of species in 1997 and 2016.

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Figure 3. Jaccard similarity percentages of constituent species in major 18 types of forest vegetation in 1997 and 2016. Abbreviation of forest vegetation types were shown Table 1.

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Figure 4. A detailed forest vegetation map of Apsan park (Abbreviations of the name for forest vegetation types were shown Table 1).

Table 1. Comparison of the forest vegetation types (based on physiognomy of the uppermost dominant species) in 1997 and 2016.

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Table 2. Comparison of the average total coverage (%) by vegetation strata for the forest vegetation types in 1997 and 2016.

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Table 3. Changes in the relative importance values of the major plant species of the forest vegetation types in 1997 and 2016.

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Table 4. Comparison of species diversity indices among major 17 types of forest vegetation in 1997 and 2016.

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Table 5. Indicator species analysis (IndVal) of the component species of forest vegetation in 1997 and 2016. Only species showing significant indication value (p<0.0005) are shown.

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Table 6. Change of spatial distribution area, number of patches, and average size of patches by forest vegetation types of Apsan park in the year 1997 and 2016.

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