Fig. 1. Flow chart of road extraction process
Fig. 2. Computation of direction vector between two road objects (a) Direction vectors for each objects (b) Direction vector between two road objects
Fig. 3. Ant colony optimization flow chart (a) Maboudi et al. (2017) (b) Proposed
Fig. 4. Road candidates designation (a) Heuristic information map (b) Road candidates
Fig. 5. Study area (a) VHR image (b) Ground truth
Fig. 6. Road extraction results (a),(d) Random color-coded segmentation results (b),(e) ACO road extraction results (c),(f) Final road centerlines superimposed on the satellite images
Fig. 7. Road extraction failure area
Table 1. Road characteristics
Table 2. Object descriptors and corresponding road characteristics
Table 3. Qualitative assessment of road extraction result
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