Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Exercise on Sleep Quality and Dementia-related Factors of Dementia Patients

운동이 치매 환자의 수면 관련 인자, 치매 관련 인자에 미치는 영향

  • Yoon, Byung Kon (DEU Exe-Physio Lab, Department of Physical Education, Dong-Eui University) ;
  • Kim, Jong Jin (DEU Exe-Physio Lab, Department of Physical Education, Dong-Eui University) ;
  • Kwak, Yi Sub (DEU Exe-Physio Lab, Department of Physical Education, Dong-Eui University)
  • Received : 2019.06.04
  • Accepted : 2019.06.21
  • Published : 2019.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

It is well known that exercise may have a positive effects on dementia. However, most of dementia-related studies were performed about symptom care, diverse treatment and drug treatment. Although regular physical exercise plays an important role of brain function and dementia prevention, only a few research studies showed the effect of physical exercise on dementia and brain function. This study is to investigate about the sleep-related factors (melatonin, serotonin), dementia-related factors (BDNF, beta-amyloid, IGF-1, Irisin, GLUT) with physical exercise. This study revealed that Myokine (Irisin, IGF-1), GLUT and Melatonin is an important factors to improve or sometimes delay the symptoms of dementia through BDNF activation following endurance exercise. However, these results were controversal following the various kinds of exercise type, mode, duration and exercise intensity and so forth. Therefore, further mechanism study about exercise and dementia is urgently needed in this area.

운동은 치매에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다고 잘 알려져 있다. 그러나 대부분의 치매 관련 연구에서는 치매의 증상 완화, 치매에 관한 다양한 치료 및 약물 치료에 대한 연구가 대부분이었다. 규칙적인 운동은 뇌 기능과 치매예방에 중요한 역할을 하지만, 치매와 뇌 기능에 대한 운동의 효과를 나타내는 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 운동이 수면 관련 인자(melatonin, serotonin), 치매 관련 인자(BDNF, beta-amyloid, IGF-1, Irisin, GLUT)에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하고자 한다. 본 연구는 Myokine (Irisin, IGF-1), GLUT 및 Melatonin이 지구성 운동을 통한 BDNF 활성화를 통해 치매 증상을 개선하거나 지연시키는 중요한 인자라는 것을 밝혀냈다. 그러나 이러한 결과는 다양한 종류의 운동 유형, 형태, 기간 및 운동 강도 등에 따라 다른 결과가 나타나서 논란의 여지가 있다. 그러므로 추후 운동과 치매에 관한 기전적인 연구분석이 필요하다.

Keywords

SMGHBM_2019_v29n6_740_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Mechanisms of cause to different type of dementia.

SMGHBM_2019_v29n6_740_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. Mechanisms of STZ cause to dementia.

SMGHBM_2019_v29n6_740_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. Combined effects of physical exercise, dementia and sleep-related factors on dementia.

References

  1. Ahn, N. Y. and Kim, K. J. 2017. The effects of rehabilitation exercise training on salivary BDNF and Tau protein concentration in dementia elderly people. Journal of Coaching Development 19, 85-91.
  2. Atherton, N., Bridle, C., Brown, D., Collins, H., Dosanjh, S., Griffiths, F., Hennings, S., Khan, K., Lall, R., Lyle, S., Mc-Shane, R., Mistry, D., Nichols, V., Petrou, S., Sheehan, B., Slowther, A. M., Thorogood, M., Withers, E., Zeh, P. and Lamb, S. E. 2016. Dementia and physical activity (DAPA)-an exercise intervention to improve cognition in people with mild to moderate dementia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 17, 165. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1288-2
  3. Borges, M. E., Ribeiro, A. M., Pauli, J. R., Arantes, L. M., Luciano, E., de Moura, L. P., de Almeida Leme, J. A., Medeiros, A., Bertolini, N. O., Sibuya, C. Y. and Gomes, R. J. 2017. Cerebellar insulin/IGF-1 signaling in diabetic rats: effects of exercise training. Neurosci. Lett. 639, 157-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.059
  4. Bostrom, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M. P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, J. C., Rasbach, K. A., Bostrom, E. A., Choi, J. H., Long, J. Z., Kajimura, S., Zingaretti, M. C., Vind, B. F., Tu, H., Cinti, S., Hojlund, K., Gygi, S. P. and Spiegelman, B. M. 2012. A PGC1-${\alpha}$-dependent myokine that drives brown-fatlike development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature 481, 463-468. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10777
  5. Buettner, L. and Kolanowski, A. 2003. Practice guidelines for recreation therapy in the care of people with dementia. Geriatr. Nurs. 24, 18-23. https://doi.org/10.1067/mgn.2003.19
  6. Cai, Z. Y., Wen-Chyuan Chen, K. and Wen, H. J. 2014. Effects of a group-based step aerobics training on sleep quality and melatonin levels in sleep-impaired postmenopausal women. J. Strength Cond. Res. 28, 2597-2603. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000428
  7. Cancela, J. M., Ayan, C., Varela, S. and Seijo, M. 2016. Effects of a long-term aerobic exercise intervention on institutionalized patients with dementia. J. Sci. Med. Sport. 19, 293-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.05.007
  8. Chen, J. H., Lin, K. P. and Chen, Y. C. 2009. Risk factors for dementia. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 108, 754-764. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-6646(09)60402-2
  9. Choeiri, C., Staines, W., Miki, T., Seino, S. and Messier, C. 2005. Glucose transporter plasticity during memory processing. Neuroscience 130, 591-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.09.011
  10. Corpas, R., Grinan-Ferre, C., Palomera-Avalos, V., Porquet, D., Garcia de Frutos, P., Franciscato Cozzolino, S. M., Rodriguez-Farre, E., Pallas, M., Sanfeliu, C. and Cardoso, B. R. 2018. Melatonin induces mechanisms of brain resilience against neurodegeneration. J. Pineal. Res. 65, e12515. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12515
  11. de Souto Barreto, P., Denormandie, P., Lepage, B., Armaingaud, D., Rapp, T., Chauvin, P. and Vellas, B. 2016. Effects of a long-term exercise programme on functional ability in people with dementia living in nursing homes: research protocol of the LEDEN study, a cluster randomised controlled trial. Contemp. Clin. Trials. 47, 289-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2016.02.004
  12. Dore, S., Kar, S. and Quirion, R. 1997. Rediscovering an old friend, IGF-I: potential use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Neurosci. 20, 326-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(96)01036-3
  13. Eum, H. S., Kang, E. B., Lim, Y. H., Lee, J. R., Cho, I. H., Kim, Y. S., Chae, K. R., Hwang, D. Y., Kwak, Y. S., Oh, Y. S. and Cho, J. Y. 2008. The effect of exercise training on $A{\beta}$-42, GLUT-1 and HSP-70 proteins in a NSE/ APPsw-transgenic model for Alzheimer's disease. J. Life Sci. 18, 796-803. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2008.18.6.796
  14. Fang, J., Li, Y. H., Li, X. H., Chen, W. W., He, J. and Xue, M. Z. 2018. Effects of melatonin on expressions of ${\beta}$-amyloid protein and $S100{\beta}$ in rats with senile dementia. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 22, 7526-7532.
  15. Hanson, A. J., Craft, S. and Banks, W. A. 2015. The APOE genotype: modification of therapeutic responses in Alzheimer's disease. Curr. Pharm. Des. 21, 114-120. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666141020164222
  16. Hong, S. Y. 2012. Effects of an 8-week individualized exercise program on parameters of functional capacity, mobility and cognitive function in elderly persons with dementia. J. Kor. Soc. Living Environ. Sys. 19, 352-361.
  17. Ide, K., Horn, A. and Secher, N. H. 1999. Cerebral metabolic response to submaximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 87, 1604-1608. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1604
  18. Jang, J. S. 2017. Comparison of activities of daily living differences with dementia stage. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society 18, 557-563.
  19. Jansen, S. L., Forbes, D. A., Duncan, V. and Morgan, D. G. 2006. Melatonin for cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 25, CD003802.
  20. Jeon, Y. K. and Ha, C. H. 2017. The effect of exercise intensity on brain derived neurotrophic factor and memory in adolescents. Environ. Health Prev. Med. 22, 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-017-0643-6
  21. Jeon, Y. K., Koh, B. R. and Lee, J. Y. 2018. The relationship between sleep-related factors and dementia-related factors in middle-aged women with exercise intensity. J. Wellness 13, 13-22. https://doi.org/10.21097/ksw.2018.11.13.4.13
  22. Jin, Y., Sumsuzzman, D. M., Choi, J., Kang, H., Lee, S. R. and Hong, Y. 2018. Molecular and functional interaction of the myokine irisin with physical exercise and Alzheimer's disease. Molecules 23, E3229. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123229
  23. Jung, S. Y., Seo, J. H., Sung, Y. H., Kim, C. J., Kim, D. J. and Kim, D. Y. 2011. Effect of treadmill exercise on memory impairment in the diabetic rats. The Kor. J. Stress Res. 19, 175-182.
  24. Kang, E. B., Kim, C. H. and Cho, J. Y. 2014. Effects of treadmill exercise on brain insulin signaling, glucose metabolism and Tau hyperphosphorylation in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced-memory impairment in rats. Exerc. Sci. 23, 99-108. https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2014.23.2.99
  25. Kim, H. J. and Lee, W. J. 2017. Insulin-like Growth Factor-I modulates BDNF expression by inhibition of histone deacetylase in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. J. Life Sci. 27, 879-887. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2017.27.8.879
  26. Kim, J. W. and Cho, W. J. 2018. The effects of aerobic exercise intensities on the quality of sleep, dementia factors and metabolic syndrome factors in middle-aged women by morningness-eveningness sleep type. Kor. J. Spor. Sci. 27, 969-984.
  27. Kim, S. J., Kim, H. S., Moon, S. H., Lee, M. J., Kang, J. H. and Park, D. H. 2016. Effects of lactic acid on the expression of myokines in C2C12 myotubes. Exerc. Sci. 25, 174-182. https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2016.25.3.174
  28. Kim, S., Choi, J. Y., Moon, S., Park, D. H., Kwak, H. B. and Kang, J. H. 2019. Roles of myokines in exercise-induced improvement of neuropsychiatric function. Pflugers Arch. 471, 491-505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-019-02253-8
  29. Kinnunen, K. M., Vikhanova, A. and Livingston, G. 2017. The management of sleep disorders in dementia: an update. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 30, 491-497. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000370
  30. Komulainen, P., Pedersen, M., Hanninen, T., Bruunsgaard, H., Lakka, T. A., Kivipelto, M., Hassinen, M., Rauramaa, T. H., Pedersen, B. K. and Rauramaa, R. 2008. BDNF is a novel marker of cognitive function in ageing women: the DR's EXTRA study. Neurobiol. Learn Mem. 90, 596-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2008.07.014
  31. Kwak, Y. S. 2017. Impacts on different type of exercise on brain function. Sport Science 34, 47-53.
  32. Lautenschlager, N. T., Cox, K. and Cyarto, E. V. 2012. The influence of exercise on brain aging and dementia. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1822, 474-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.07.010
  33. Lee, J. W. and Han, S. I. 2015. The effect of coordination exercise for 12 weeks on the cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease dementia factors in elderly women. J. Wellness 10, 175-187.
  34. Lee, S. S. and So, Y. S. 2014. The effects of endurance exercise on and cognitive function, irisin and BDNF in elderly women. Kor. J. Spor. Sci. 23, 1149-1159.
  35. Liu, Y., Liu, F., Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Gong, C. X. 2008. Decreased glucose transporters correlate to abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer disease. FEBS Lett. 582, 359-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2007.12.035
  36. Ljubenkov, P. A. and Geschwind, M. D. 2016. Dementia. Semin. Neurol. 36, 397-404. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1585096
  37. Llorens-Martin, M., Torres-Aleman, I. and Trejo, J. L. 2010. Exercise modulates insulin-like growth factor 1-dependent and-independent effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and behaviour. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 44, 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2010.02.006
  38. Mattson, M. P. and Magnus, T. 2006. Ageing and neuronal vulnerability. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7, 278-294. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1886
  39. Meeusen, R. 2014. Exercise, nutrition and the brain. Sports Med. 44, 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0150-5
  40. Mooradian, A. D., Chung, H. C. and Shah, G. N. 1997. GLUT-1 expression in the cerebra of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 18, 469-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(97)00111-5
  41. Myllymaki, T., Rusko, H., Syvaoja, H., Juuti, T., Kinnunen, M. L. and Kyrolainen, H. 2012. Effects of exercise intensity and duration on nocturnal heart rate variability and sleep quality. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 112, 801-809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2034-9
  42. Oudegeest-Sander, M. H., Eijsvogels, T. H., Verheggen, R. J., Poelkens, F., Hopman, M. T., Jones, H. and Thijssen, D. H. 2013. Impact of physical fitness and daily energy expenditure on sleep efficiency in young and older humans. Gerontology 59, 8-16. https://doi.org/10.1159/000342213
  43. Park, C. H. and Cheon, J. U. 2016. The effect of 16-weeks combined exercise on the ${\beta}$-amyloid and BDNF among the elderly women. J. Wellness 11, 417-427. https://doi.org/10.21097/ksw.2016.08.11.3.417
  44. Park, N. H., Lee, J., Jung, K. H., Choi, B. A., Jang, H. C., Lee, S. I., Lee, D. S. and Cho, J. Y. 2011. Effect of treadmill exercise training on the expression of PGC-$1{\alpha}$, GLUT-1, Tfam proteins and antioxydent ezymes in brain of STZ-induced diabetic rats. J. Life Sci. 21, 435-443. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.3.435
  45. Patching, S. G. 2017. Glucose transporters at the blood-brain barrier: function, regulation and gateways for drug delivery. Mol. Neurobiol. 54, 1046-1077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9672-6
  46. Phillips, C., Baktir, M. A., Srivatsan, M. and Salehi, A. 2014. Neuroprotective effects of physical activity on the brain: a closer look at trophic factor signaling. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 8, 170.
  47. Shah, K., Desilva, S. and Abbruscato, T. 2012. The role of glucose transporters in brain disease: diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 13, 12629-12655. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131012629
  48. Shin, W. T., Lee, S. Y. and Lee, J. W. 2012. The effects of exercise type on body composition and brain function related hormones in elderly women. Kor. J. Sports 21. 979-991.
  49. Son, H. H., Oh, J. L. and Park, R. J. 2010. The effect of an exercise program on activities of daily living (ADL), balance and cognition in elderly individuals with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. J. Kor. Soc. Phys. Ther. 22, 53-60.
  50. Song, N. H. 2016. The effect of resistance exercise on cognitive function and risk factors of dementia for elderly women with mild cognitive impairment. Kor. J. Sports 14, 305-315.
  51. Spira, A. P., Chen-Edinboro, L. P., Wu, M. N. and Yaffe, K. 2014. Impact of sleep on the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 27, 478-483. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000106
  52. Statistics Korea. 2019. 2019 Elderly statistics. Retrieved April 8, 2019, from http://kostat.go.kr/
  53. Stein, A. M., Silva, T. M. V., Coelho, F. G. M., Arantes, F. J., Costa, J. L. R., Teodoro, E. and Santos-Galduroz, R. F. 2018. Physical exercise, IGF-1 and cognition a systematic review of experimental studies in the elderly. Dement. Neuropsychol. 12, 114-122. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-020003
  54. Szablewski, L. 2017. Glucose transporters in brain: in health and in Alzheimer's disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 55, 1307-1320. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160841
  55. Wang, X. and Youngstedt, S. D. 2014. Sleep quality improved following a single session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in older women: results from a pilot study. J. Sport Health Sci. 3, 338-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2013.11.004
  56. Xu, J., Wang, L. L., Dammer, E. B., Li, C. B., Xu, G., Chen, S. D. and Wang, G. 2015. Melatonin for sleep disorders and cognition in dementia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Demen. 30, 439-447. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317514568005
  57. Yang, L., Wang, H., Liu, L. and Xie, A. 2018. The role of Insulin/IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/$GSK3{\beta}$ signaling in Parkinson's disease dementia. Front. Neurosci. 12, 73. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00073