Fig. 1. Respiratory burst activity of HK leukocytes from tilapia fed the control diet (control), medicinal herbs extract diet (MHE), probiotics diet (PB), and medicinal herbs extract and probiotics mixture diet (MHE+PB) for 28 days. The absorbance was measured by micro plate reader at 620nm. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=6). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point.
Fig. 2. Phagocytic activity (A) and phagocytic index (B) of HK leukocytes from tilapia fed the control diet (control), medicinal herbs extract diet (MHE), probiotics diet (PB), and medicinal herbs extract and probiotics mixture diet (MHE+PB) for 28 days. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=6). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point.
Fig. 3. Lysozyme activity in serum of tilapia fed the control diet (control), medicinal herbs extract diet (MHE), probiotics diet (PB), and medicinal herbs extract and probiotics mixture diet (MHE+PB) for 28 days. The absorbance was measured by micro plate reader at 405 nm. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=6). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point
Fig. 4. SOD activity in serum of tilapia fed the control diet (control), medicinal herbs extract diet (MHE), probiotics diet (PB), and medicinal herbs extract and probiotics mixture diet (MHE+PB) for 28 days. The absorbance was measured by micro plate reader at 405 nm. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=6). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point.
Fig. 5. ACH50 activity in the serum of tilapia fed the control diet (control), medicinal herbs extract diet (MHE), probiotics diet (PB), and medicinal herbs extract and probiotics mixture diet (MHE+PB) for 28 days. The absorbance was measured by micro plate reader at 405 nm. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=6). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point.
Fig. 6. Antibacterial effect of tilapia fed the control diet (control), medicinal herbs extract diet (MHE), probiotics diet (PB), and medicinal herbs extract and probiotics mixture diet (MHE+PB) for 30 days. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=5). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point.
Table 1. Universal primers for probiotics 16S rRNA
Table 2. Output of BLAST for probiotics supplemented in fish diets
Table 3. Effects of dietary medicinal herbs extract and probiotics on the weight gain, percent weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio in tilapia. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=6). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point
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