Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
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Evaluation of Water Quality and Phytoplankton Community Using a Multivariate Analysis in Bukhan River

다변량 통계분석을 이용한 북한강의 수질 및 식물플랑크톤 군집 특성 평가

  • Kim, Hun Nyun (Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Youn, Seok Jea (Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Byeon, Myeong Seop (Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yu, Soon Ju (Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Im, Jong Kwon (Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 김헌년 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 윤석제 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 변명섭 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 유순주 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 임종권 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소)
  • Received : 2018.10.24
  • Accepted : 2018.12.07
  • Published : 2019.01.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water quality and phytoplankton community in Bukhan River which account for 44.4 % of the total inflow into Lake Paldang, using multivariate statistical techniques (i.e., correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA)/factor analysis (FA)). Water samples were collected from March to November 2015 and the following parameters measured; water temperature, pH, DO, EC, SS, BOD, Chl-a, COD, TN, $NO_3-N$, $NH_3-N$, TP, DTP, $PO_4-P$, and phytoplankton community. The water quality of the main stream and the tributaries were not significantly different apart from the relatively high concentration of BOD, COD and nutrients recorded in MH. The highest cell density of Stephanodiscus hantzschii and Merismopedia glauca dominated phytoplankton was observed in PD. Based on the correlation analysis, total phytoplankton and cyanophyceae were highly correlated with BOD, COD and nutrients. PCA/FA resulted in four main factors accounting for 82.240 % of the total variance in the water quality dataset. The group of component 1 (TN, DTN, DO, $NO_3-N$, water temperature) and component 2 ($PO_4-P$, T-P, DTP, SS) were classified as nutrient element factor whereas component 3 (Chl-a, COD, BOD, $NH_3-N$, pH) was related to organic substances. Hence, the identification of the main potential environmental pollution factors in Bukhan River will help policy makers make better and more informed decisions on how to improve the water quality.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Study area with sampling location

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Fig. 2. Water quality parameters at different locations from Mar. to Nov. 2015.

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Fig. 3. Monthly variations of nitrogen and phosphorus from Mar. to Nov. 2015.

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Fig. 4. Changes of phytoplankton communities from Mar. to Nov. 2015.

Table 1. Changes of dominant species from Mar. to Nov. 2015

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Table 2. Pearson correlation among the water quality parameters

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Table 3. Pearson correlation coefficients between phytoplankton taxa and water quality

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Table 4. Eigen values and cumulative percentage of factors

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Table 5. Rotated component matrix by factor analysis

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